Vol 24, No 3 (2025)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a serious threat to public health in the Russian Federation and remain the leading cause of mortality. In 2016, the economic burden of CVDs amounted to 2.7 trillion rubles, representing 3.2% of the country’s gross domestic product. Major risk factors for CVDs, such as physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, and obesity, are directly associated with deterioration of cardiovascular system condition. Circulating heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) exhibits numerous beneficial properties, including involvement in inflammatory regulation, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-atherogenic processes. Acting as a signaling molecule in the blood, it helps the body cope with various types of stress. Studies show that HSP27 levels decline with age and during menopause, potentially contributing to the development of atherosclerosis, which is a key factor in the development of many CVDs. Physical exercise exerts a positive influence on the body by increasing plasma HSP27 levels. This elevation may have an immunomodulatory effect on various immune cells, including monocytes. Through this mechanism, physical activity supports the body in managing inflammation and reducing the risk of CVDs. Thus, understanding the role of HSP27 in the context of physical exertion offers new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. Further research may lead to innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing HSP27 levels and lowering the risk of atherosclerosis and other CVDs.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the number of military personnel with mine-blast injuries sustained during the special military operation has significantly increased. These injuries often lead to severe damage, which leading to disability. The development and implementation of new medical rehabilitation methods for patients with combat injury sequelae using physical therapy modalities, such as low-frequency magnetotherapy, is a key priority in modern medicine. Low-frequency magnetotherapy is included in the rehabilitation recommendations for patients with combat injury sequelae by many experts. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is currently recommended as a tool for objectively assessing patient health, predicting functional impairment, and evaluating rehabilitation measures.

AIM: The work aimed to assess the effectiveness of low-frequency magnetotherapy in the rehabilitation of patients with combat injury sequelae in terms of the ICF.

METHODS: The study included 95 patients (mean age 25.9 ± 2.1 years) with combat injury sequelae, accompanied by peripheral neuropathies, lower-limb fractures, and multiple shrapnel wounds. Group 1 (main) included 48 patients who received low-frequency magnetotherapy using the Polimag-02M device (Elamed, Russia) for 20 minutes daily for 14 sessions, in addition to standard therapy. Group 2 (control) included 47 patients who received standard therapy only.

A comprehensive evaluation was conducted after the rehabilitation course, including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, tape measurements of limb edema, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Spielberger–Hanin anxiety scale, and Beck Depression Inventory.

RESULTS: A 45.8% reduction in pain, a 42.7% decrease in edema, and an 11.5% improvement in FIM scores were observed in the main group. According to the Spielberger–Hanin scale, anxiety levels decreased by 10.9%, and depression levels by 30.5%.

CONCLUSION: The application of the ICF tool demonstrated that low-frequency magnetotherapy effectively reduces pain and edema and improves quality of life in patients with combat injury sequelae.

BACKGROUND: The growing number of patients requiring restoration of ligament function in the knee joint due to sports injuries highlights the relevance of developing non-pharmacological rehabilitation methods. The clinical profile of the patient (young age, complicated course of an unconfirmed sports-related injury), as well as the broader objective of improving national health and quality of life, underscore the relevance of systemic analysis in the training of medical personnel within the framework of professional development and scientific research on sports testing methodologies.

AIM: The work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of multifactorial physiotherapy (phonophoresis and optical irradiation) and physical exercises for dynamic modeling of knee joint structures and resolution of bone marrow edema of the medial femoral condyle, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging in a young football player.

METHODS: A case is described involving a 19-year-old male football player presenting with risk of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, structural ligamentous changes in the knee joint, and joint effusion. The patient experienced sudden severe knee pain and inability to bear weight during intensive training. Assessment criteria were used to monitor outcomes before and after implementation of a personalized rehabilitation model.

RESULTS: New data were obtained on the combined use of four simultaneous modalities (therapeutic exercise, ultrasound and the Artra chondroprotector via phonophoresis, red and infrared spectra of non-coherent optical irradiation), which led to pain relief on the visual analog scale without pharmacological agents, resolution of bone marrow edema by day 7 of treatment, and full return to athletic activity within 3 months. Emphasis was placed on the stepwise application of autogravitational and post-isometric relaxation exercises in the developed multimodal rehabilitation protocol.

CONCLUSION: The integration of customized physical exercises and concurrent application of four physiotherapeutic factors constitutes a highly effective adaptive regimen. When initiated during the acute phase, it enhances clinical outcomes and reduces the risk of developing femoral head aseptic necrosis.