Basic principles of cryostimulation equipment efficiency

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A large number of currently available studies focus on the effects accompanying the whole-body cryostimulation impact. Information about the capabilities of the method differs significantly since the presented results are based on the use of different types of equipment. Therefore, the limits of effective parameters of the whole-body cryostimulation impact should be determined.

AIM: Сompare existing technological solutions in terms of efficiency and safety, and to substantiate the known practical advantages of single-chamber cryostimulation devices.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The reasons for the differences in the achieved therapeutic effects and lists of indications are elucidated through comparing the published data on whole-body cryostimulation applications in medical practice based on the use of single- and multi-chamber whole-body cryostimulation devices.

RESULTS: The analysis of available information has shown that various authors use the term “whole-body cryostimulation” (WBC) for two different technologies of physiotherapeutic impact on the patient’s body. They differ both in terms of organization (group and individual procedures) and technological parameters of the cryostimulation process (temperature of the cryogenic gas environment and duration of the patient’s stay in the low-temperature cabin). These differences are the reason why the changes in the skin surface temperature in multi-chamber cabins are much smaller than in single-chamber ones, which primarily accounts for the low physiotherapeutic efficiency of procedures in multi-chamber units.

CONCLUSION: The analysis shows the reasons for the inconsistent assessments of the whole-body cryostimulation efficiency in different research papers. The main reason for these discrepancies is that the same term refers to two procedures that are physically different. This brings confusion into the scientific data and undermines the credibility of the whole-body cryostimulation method. Further use of cryotherapy in clinical practice requires distinguishing between group cryostimulation and individual cryostimulation.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

Aleksandr Yu. Baranov

Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics

Email: abaranov@itmo.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9263-8153
SPIN-code: 1591-4442

Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Ekaterina V. Sokolova

Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics

Author for correspondence.
Email: evlogvinenko@itmo.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5127-9959
SPIN-code: 9397-9168

Cand. Sci. (Engineering)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Vladimir А. Baranov

Research and production enterprise "KRION"

Email: baranov@krion.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-6067-4982
SPIN-code: 1944-4210
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Ivan А. Baranov

Research and production enterprise "KRION"

Email: baranov@krion.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-9795-4167
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

References

  1. Bleakley C, Bieuzen F, Davison G, Costello J. Whole-body cryotherapy: empirical evidence and theoretical perspectives. Open Access J Sports Med. 2014;5:25–36. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S41655
  2. Louis J, Schaal K, Bieuzen F, et al. Head Exposure to Cold during Whole-Body Cryostimulation: Influence on Thermal Response and Autonomic Modulation. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(4):e0124776. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124776
  3. Baranov AI, Apreleva AV. Effect of general cryotherapy on subjective physical indices. Fizjoterapia Polska. 2008(8):351–354.
  4. Dugue B, Bernard P, Bouzigon R, et al. Note d'information - Institut International du Froid - cryothérapie ou cryostimulation à corps entire. Institut international du froid international institute of refrigeration. 2020.
  5. Hausswirth C, Louis J, Bieuzen F, et al. Effects of Whole-Body Cryotherapy vs. Far-Infrared vs. Passive Modalities on Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Highly-Trained Runners. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(12):e27749. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027749
  6. Baranov AY, Vasilenok AV, Shestakova OA, Pakhomov OV. Application the WBC in sport medicine. Refrigeration Science and Technology. 2018;3:121–126.
  7. Yamauchi T. Whole Body Cryotherapy is Method of extreme Cold -175°C Treatment initially used for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Z Phys Med Baln Med Klim. 1986.
  8. Yamauchi T, Yamauchi Y, Miura K, Cooper A. Clinical effects of − 170°C whole body cryo-therapy (W.B.C.T.) on steroid dependant chronic diseases. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry. 1986;25:25. doi: 10.1016/0022-4731(86)90531-5
  9. Akulov LA, Borzenko EI, Zaitsev AV. Thermophysical properties and phase equilibrium of cryogenic products. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg State University of Low Temperature and Food Technologies, 2008. 567 p. (In Russ.) EDN: QNETST
  10. Nadarajah S, Ariyagunarajah R, Jong E. Cryotherapy: not as cool as it seems. The Journal of Physiology. 2018;596(4):561–562. doi: 10.1113/jp275665
  11. Baranov AYu, Malysheva TA. Methods of whole body cryotherapy effects research. Journal Biomed. 2015(2):37–46. (In Russ.) EDN: TYYPQB
  12. Baranov AY, Shestakova OA, Malysheva TA, Vasilenok AV, Malinina OS. The physical theory of efficiency and safety of the WBC. Refrigeration Science and Technology. 2018:49–55.
  13. Alexander B, Oleg P, Alexander F, et al. Technique and Technology of Whole-Body Cryotherapy (WBC). Low-temperature Technologies. 2019. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.83680
  14. Hohenauer E, Deliens T, Clarys P, Clijsen R. Perfusion of the skin’s microcirculation after cold-water immersion (10°C) and partial-body cryotherapy (−135°C). Skin Res Technol. 2019;25:677–682. doi: 10.1111/srt.12703
  15. Vitenet M, Tubez F, Marreiro A, et al. Effect of whole body cryotherapy interventions on health-related quality of life in fibromyalgia patients: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2018;36:6–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.10.011
  16. Chiari M, Saubade M, Besson C, Desgraz B, Gremeaux V. Chambres de cryothérapie et immersion en eau froide: utilisation thérapeutique et risques. Rev Med Suisse. 2020;16(701):1412–1417. doi: 10.53738/REVMED.2020.16.701.1412
  17. Costello JT, Culligan K, Selfe J, Donnelly AE. Muscle, Skin and Core Temperature after −110°C Cold Air and 8°C Water Treatment. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(11):e48190. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048190
  18. Herrera E, Sandoval MC, Camargo DM, Salvini TF. Motor and Sensory Nerve Conduction Are Affected Differently by Ice Pack, Ice Massage, and Cold Water Immersion. Physical Therapy. 2010;90(4):581–591. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090131
  19. Yamauchi Y, Yamauchi T, Miura K. The analgesic effects of −170°C whole body cryo-therapy on rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.); curable. PAIN. 1987;30:S261. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(87)91583-1
  20. Costello JT, Donnelly AE, Karki A, Selfe J. Effects of whole body cryotherapy and cold water immersion on knee skin temperature. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(1):35–40. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1343410
  21. Westerlund T, Oksa J, Smolander J, Mikkelsson M. Thermal responses during and after whole-body cryotherapy (–110°C). Journal of Thermal Biology. 2003;28(8):601–608.
  22. Barton A, Edholm O. Man in cold conditions. Physiological and pathological phenomena arising under the influence of low temperatures. Moscow: Foreign Literature, 1957, 336 p. (In Russ.)
  23. Baranov AYu, Malysheva TA, Savelyeva AV, Sidorova AYu. Choosing the pattern of whole body cryotherapy. Journal of International Academy of Refrigeration. 2012(4):40–44. (In Russ.)
  24. Malysheva TA, Baranov AYu. Influence of patient's clothing on the magnitude of the achieved cryotherapeutic effect. Cryotherapy in Russia. Proceedings of the IX International Scientific and Practical Conference. 2017:129–135. (In Russ.) EDN: YZJDZX

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download
2. Fig. 1. Intensity dependence of cold receptors stimulation on body surface temperature.

Download (50KB)
Indexing metadata
3. Fig. 2. Graphs of temperature changes of the patient’s skin surface at different cooling environment temperatures.

Download (79KB)
Indexing metadata
4. Fig. 3. Cryotherapeutic effect dependence on the choice of cooling gas temperature.

Download (73KB)
Indexing metadata

Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector


СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 86508 от 11.12.2023. 
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ЭЛ № ФС 77 - 80650 от 15.03.2021 г.