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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">630030</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr630030</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Basic principles of cryostimulation equipment efficiency</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Основы эффективности криотерапевтического оборудования</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>有效性评估的低温治疗设备基础</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-8153</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1591-4442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>Александр Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>abaranov@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-9959</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9397-9168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Екатерина В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук</p></bio><email>evlogvinenko@itmo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6067-4982</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1944-4210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>Vladimir А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>Владимир А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>baranov@krion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9795-4167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>Ivan А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>Иван А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>baranov@krion.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет ИТМО</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research and production enterprise "KRION"</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-производственное предприятие «КРИОН»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-11-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>246</fpage><lpage>258</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-05"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-20"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-08-16"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/630030">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/630030</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> A large number of currently available studies focus on the effects accompanying the whole-body cryostimulation impact. Information about the capabilities of the method differs significantly since the presented results are based on the use of different types of equipment. Therefore, the limits of effective parameters of the whole-body cryostimulation impact should be determined.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> Сompare existing technological solutions in terms of efficiency and safety, and to substantiate the known practical advantages of single-chamber cryostimulation devices.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The reasons for the differences in the achieved therapeutic effects and lists of indications are elucidated through comparing the published data on whole-body cryostimulation applications in medical practice based on the use of single- and multi-chamber whole-body cryostimulation devices.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The analysis of available information has shown that various authors use the term “whole-body cryostimulation” (WBC) for two different technologies of physiotherapeutic impact on the patient’s body. They differ both in terms of organization (group and individual procedures) and technological parameters of the cryostimulation process (temperature of the cryogenic gas environment and duration of the patient’s stay in the low-temperature cabin). These differences are the reason why the changes in the skin surface temperature in multi-chamber cabins are much smaller than in single-chamber ones, which primarily accounts for the low physiotherapeutic efficiency of procedures in multi-chamber units.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The analysis shows the reasons for the inconsistent assessments of the whole-body cryostimulation efficiency in different research papers. The main reason for these discrepancies is that the same term refers to two procedures that are physically different. This brings confusion into the scientific data and undermines the credibility of the whole-body cryostimulation method. Further use of cryotherapy in clinical practice requires distinguishing between group cryostimulation and individual cryostimulation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> На сегодняшний день существует большое количество исследований, посвящённых описанию эффектов, сопровождающих общее криотерапевтическое воздействие. Представленные результаты основаны на применении различных видов оборудования, из-за чего сведения о возможностях метода в значительной степени расходятся. Так, необходимо определить границы эффективных параметров общего криотерапевтического воздействия.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold><italic> </italic><bold>исследования</bold> — сравнение существующих технологических решений по эффективности и безопасности, обоснование известных из практики преимуществ одноместных криотерапевтических аппаратов.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Сопоставляя данные об использовании метода общей криотерапии в лечебной практике, опубликованные на основе использования многоместных и одноместных аппаратов для общей криотерапии, показаны причины различий достигаемых лечебных эффектов и списков показаний к применению.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Анализ доступной информации показал, что под общей криотерапией (Whole-Body Cryostimulation, WBC) авторы подразумевают две разные технологии физиотерапевтического воздействия на организм пациента. Они различаются как организационно (групповые и индивидуальные процедуры), так и по технологическим параметрам процесса криотерапевтического воздействия (температуре криогенной газовой среды и продолжительности пребывания пациента в низкотемпературной кабине). Вследствие этих различий изменения температуры поверхности кожи в многоместных кабинах намного меньше, чем в одноместных, что и является основной причиной низкой физиотерапевтической эффективности процедур в многоместных установках.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Результаты выполненного анализа показывают причины неоднозначных оценок эффективности метода общего криотерапевтического воздействия в разных научных публикациях. Основная причина этих расхождений заключается в том, что под одним и тем же термином подразумевается две разных по физической сути процедуры. Это вносит путаницу в научную информацию и дискредитирует метод общего криотерапевтического воздействия. Для дальнейшего использования метода криотерапии в клинической практике целесообразно разграничить групповую и индивидуальную криотерапию.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>背景。目前，有大量研究致力于描述全身低温治疗（Whole-Body Cryostimulation, WBC）的伴随效果。然而，这些研究结果基于不同类型设备的应用，导致对该方法潜力的认识存在较大分歧。因此，明确全身低温治疗的有效参数范围至关重要。</p> <p>研究目的。比较现有技术解决方案在有效性和安全性方面的表现，并论证单人低温治疗设备在实际应用中的已知优势。</p> <p>材料与方法。通过对基于多舱式和单舱式全身低温治疗设备的临床应用研究数据进行比较，揭示了不同治疗效果和适应症清单差异的原因。</p> <p>结果。对可用数据的分析表明，“全身低温治疗”（WBC）一词在科学文献中常被用来指代两种截然不同的物理治疗技术。这两种技术在组织形式（集体治疗和个体治疗）以及技术参数（低温气体环境的温度和患者在低温舱内的停留时间）上均存在差异。由于这些差异，多舱式低温舱中患者皮肤表面温度的变化幅度远小于单舱式设备，导致多舱式设备的生理治疗效果较低。</p> <p>结论。本研究的分析结果揭示了不同科学文献中对全身低温治疗方法有效性评价存在分歧的原因。这些分歧的主要原因在于，科学文献中将两种本质不同的治疗方式归为同一术语。这不仅给科研信息带来了混乱，还损害了全身低温治疗方法的声誉。为进一步在临床实践中推广低温治疗，建议明确区分集体低温治疗和个体低温治疗。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>whole-body cryostimulation</kwd><kwd>cryosauna</kwd><kwd>cryogenic impact</kwd><kwd>whole-body cryostimulation</kwd><kwd>WBC</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>общая криотерапия</kwd><kwd>криосауна</kwd><kwd>криовоздействие</kwd><kwd>whole-body cryostimulation</kwd><kwd>WBC</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>全身低温治疗</kwd><kwd>低温舱</kwd><kwd>低温刺激</kwd><kwd>Whole-Body Cryostimulation</kwd><kwd>WBC</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bleakley C, Bieuzen F, Davison G, Costello J. 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