卷 101, 编号 4 (2022)

Introduction. This work is devoted to the study of the effect of peroxide anion radicals in submicromol concentrations and the structural organization of the associated water phase in drinking waters, activated by physical methods on the viability of a number of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Materials and methods. Studies were carried out using standard methods of microbiological analysis of drinking water on microorganisms of Escherichia coli 1257, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis 5765, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiela pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Citrobacter freundii 101/57. Evaluation of changes in the physical parameters of water before and after treatment with the studied technologies was carried out using electrophysical and physical-chemical parameters (hydrogen index, redox potential, content of peroxide anion radical); structural and energy indicators (by the share of the associated water phase and the density of its distribution by energy levels).

Results. The data obtained indicate the strongest stabilizing effect on the viability of microorganisms implementing ATP-phase energy metabolism to be exerted by associates of peroxide anion radicals controlling metabolic processes and providing an extra-substrate channel for maintaining the energy function of microorganisms. We assume that catalytically active waters have a systemic regulatory effect, ensuring the maintenance of homeostasis of microorganisms. Similar regulation is also possible in the intestinal microbiota of the body to maintain or suppress the activity of competing microorganisms when a person uses biocatalytically active (in the range of concentrations of peroxide anion radicals in drinking water from 0.1 to 40 drinking water µg/L) drinking water. We assume that this will solve a number of issues related to the etiology and pathophysiology of a number of gastroenterological diseases caused by changes in the electrophysical state of the internal environment of the gastrointestinal tract, promoting the emergence and development of a competing, adapted to an environment with low electron-donor capacity, bacterial microbiota.

Limitations. The data obtained as a result of the experiment on biota similar to the human intestinal microbiota are of scientific interest and research involving warm-blooded animals is necessary to continue work in this direction.

Conclusion. Physically treated waters affect the growth or inhibition of intestinal biota colonies, which may be associated with the controlling role of peroxide anion radicals on intracellular metabolic processes in microorganisms.

Contribution:

Iksanova T.I. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of the material;

Kamenetskaya D.B., Zagainova A.V. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of the material;

Stekhin A.A.,Yakovleva G.V. — writing text;

Mikhailova R.I. — editing.

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The article was prepared within the framework of State Assignment No. АААА-А18-118020590087-5 of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency.

Received: February 2, 2022 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

Nowadays over the world absolute and relative number of aging population dramatically increases with life expectancy up and birth rate down. Aging and senescence assessment are assumed to reflect current changes, internal degeneration and various stressors respond ability (i.e. genetic, environmental and occupational factors) of human organism. Occupational experience time is leading risk factor and indicator for accelerated aging. Last years, many reports concerning aging rate dependence on physical and chemical occupational hazardous factors were published. Summarizing this exposures and their effects on aging reviews are almost absent despite many provided studies. Overview of main occupational neuropsychiatric, physical and chemical risk factors, that causes human aging acceleration presented here. Circadian rhythm disorders, allostatic load, heat stress, local vibration, chemical effects and suspended nanoparticles (fine dust) influences on aging and such signs as Alzheimer’s disease risk increase, telomere length decrease and epigenetic changes and possible interactions between them are also briefly presented. Agricultural, industrial workers, teachers and police officers aging acceleration is detected in results of analysis of biological age markers.

Contribution:

Karimov D.D. — concept of the study, data collection and processing, writing text, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;

Erdman V.V. — concept of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article;

Kudoyarov E.R. — collection and processing of material, writing text;

Valova Ya.V., Smolyankin D.A. – collection and processing of material;

Repina E.F. — editing;

Karimov D.O. — editing, approval of the final version of the article. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: August 30, 2021 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

Introduction. The professional activity of people who have chosen the path of serving the state, as a rule, carried out in conditions of intense psychological and physical stress, is associated with the risk of the life and health of employees. The extreme nature of everyday life is reflected in the psychological and physiological well-being of employees and explains the fairly widespread occurrence of phenomena that, to varying degrees, hinder the successful performance of professional duties, which have a real impact on negative personality changes, which include the professional personal deformation of an employee. The presented study included employees of law enforcement agencies (Internal Affairs Bodies, Federal Penitentiary Service, Bailiffs Service).

Materials and methods. The total sample size was one hundred thirteen males and females. The main purpose of the study was to identify, describe and compare the features of the professional personal deformation types of employees of the Internal Affairs Directorate, the Federal Penitentiary Service, and the Bailiffs Service. The author’s questionnaire was used to study the types of professional deformation, the professional activity characteristics and a subjective assessment of the work effectiveness of law enforcement officers.

Results. To describe the personal characteristics and determine the character accentuations of the surveyed, the questionnaire of G. Shmishek and K. Leonhard was used. Regularities and significant differences in the development of professional personal deformation in the studied groups were revealed. The predominant types of professional personal deformation for employees of the Internal Affairs Directorate, the Federal Penitentiary Service and the Bailiffs Service are authoritarianism, super-control and conservatism. At the same time, overcontrol is expressed above the average and has higher values ​​in representatives of Internal Affairs Bodies and Bailiffs Service. Learned helplessness, on the other hand, is more pronounced among Federal Penitentiary Service employees.

Limitations. This study included one hundred thirteen law enforcement officers (the Internal Affairs Directorate, the Federal Penitentiary Service, and the Bailiffs Service), which suggests the possibility of expanding the sample size and including representatives of other departmental structures to clarify the patterns obtained about the severity of professional deformation types, their relationship with professional efficiency and their individual-personal markers.

Conclusion. The results and conclusions obtained make it possible to expand the possibilities of the methodology of psychological diagnostics of negative changes associated with a person’s professional activity, in particular, the definition of psychological tools that allow determining the severity of professional deformations.

Contribution of authors:

Korneeva Ya.A. — research concept and design, text writing, collection of literature data, collection of material and data processing, statistical processing;

Zelyanina A.N. — collection of material and data processing, text writing, editing, collection of literature data;

Martirosova N.V. — collection of literature data, text writing and editing.

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: December 7, 2021 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

Introduction. The article presents a non-combined observational cross-sectional retrospective study, which studied the functions of respiration of 3 categories of workers (sinkers, woodworkers, underground miners) depending on working conditions.

Materials and methods. Analyzed depersonalized data from outpatient records of periodic medical examinations of underground workers from 2013 to 2017. The article presents only the analysis of spirograms. The study of respiratory function was carried out using an expert class spirometer SpiroLab III (MIR, Italy). The results were assessed by a doctor of functional diagnostics. Production factors were studied according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions carried out in oil mines according to the methodology for conducting a special assessment of working conditions, approved by order of the Ministry of Labour of Russia No. 33n dated January 24, 2014. Statistical methods were used to analyze the material: methods of parametric statistics (mean (M), standard deviation, error of the mean (m), Student’s test), the data are presented in the format M ± m, the differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.

Results. An analysis of occupational morbidity among oil miners has been carried out, risk groups have been identified by profession, length of service and age. It was revealed that after 4–5 years of work in the profession, there is a tendency to impairment of the function of external respiration according to the obstructive type (decrease in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), formed vital capacity of the lungs (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), Tiffno index). This is suggested to be due to a combination of factors of the production environment such as oil hydrocarbons and the severity of labour. The analysis of working conditions made it possible to determine the list of harmful production factors affecting the development and occurrence of occupational diseases by workers involved in thermal mining of high-viscosity oil.

Limitations. The smoking factor in the work is considered as a qualitative one, it is probably more logical to consider it as a quantitative one — smoking experience (number of years), then a connection with changes in the functions of external respiration may be revealed.

Conclusion. After 4–5 years of work, oil miners show a tendency to obstructive disorders of the respiration function. The genesis of the identified changes requires further clarification.

Contribution:

Fomin A.I. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text.

Zhuikov A.E. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, text writing.

Grunskoy T.V. — research concept and design, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, text writing. 

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no obvious and potential conflicts of interest in connection with the publication of this article.

Acknowledgment. The study was not sponsored.

Received: November 23, 2021 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

Currently, the biological value of colostrum is generally considered as a resource of biotechnologies for the production of functional food products capable of purposefully improving the state of actual nutrition of certain categories of the population. At the same time, the use of essential micronutrients included in colostrum is significantly limited by the complexity of technological processes for the manufacture of biologically active additives based on a natural product.

The article is devoted to the generalization and systematization of available information about the macronutrient composition of colostrum, the biological value of essential micronutrients included in the product, immunomodulatory, regulatory and prebiotic properties. The authors present examples of the use of colostrum and its fractions in the form of medicines and biologically active food additives. The possibilities of using a functional food product based on colostrum in industrial workers as a physiologically functional food ingredient with antioxidant effect, radioprotective properties, the possibility of neutralizing xenobiotics, binding heavy metals, arsenic compounds, cyanides, aromatic hydrocarbons are substantiated. The resource for information search is the bibliographic databases Medline and RSCI.

Contribution:

Kuzmin S.V., Yatsyna I.V., Rusakov V.N., Maisel S.G., Aleshkin V.A. — collecting literature data, writing text;

Sheenkova M.V. — writing text, editing; 

Sinitsyna O.O. — collecting literature data, writing text, editing;

Istomin A.V. — editing.

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: January 21, 2022 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

Introduction. From hygienic point of view, the consumption of table salt (TS) neither below nor above the physiological norm is relevant to ensure normal biochemical processes of sodium metabolism in the body.

The aim of the study was a physiological and hygienic validation of the health benefits of Adyghe garlic salt (GS), made by using traditional technology, for optimizing the level of NaCl consumption and prevention arterial hypertension.

Materials and methods. Seventy-one adolescent girl aged 12–15 years and 124 women aged 38.5±4.2 years of Adyg nationality took part in the studies. The attitude to GS and the level of its consumption were revealed by the method of focus groups, questionnaires and analysis of 3-day diets. Blood pressure indicators were determined by the oscillometric method, the content of albumin in morning urine — by the ICA method, the taste sensitivity threshold to salt (STST) — by the density measurement method, the efficiency of achieving a salty taste when using GS — by the tasting analysis method.

Results. Adolescent girls and women from families regularly using garlic salt (GS) in home cooking have been found to have low levels of NaCl consumption (LLNaClC). In families that do not use GS in practice, a high level of NaCl consumption (HLCNaCl) is detected. The STST values are reliably lower in LLNaClC groups. GS compared to TS is more effective in achieving salty taste by 23.2±1.84%. In the group of women with LLNaClC, blood pressure indices are lower, microalbuminuria is not detected.

Limitations. To substantiate the effectiveness of the use of GS to optimize the level of NaCl consumption and to carry out prevention of arterial hypertension, we took only female persons of the Adyghe nationality as participants of research. In the future, it is planned to expand research taking into account gender and national aspects.

Conclusion. GS reduces the NaCl consumption without disturbing hedonistic perception of taste. Increasing public awareness of the benefits of GS in achieving salty taste and its widespread introduction into the modern nutritional system of various populations can be an effective hygienic approach to optimizing NaCl consumption, and reducing the risk of arterial hypertension.

Contribution:

Tsikunib A.D. — research concept and design, material collection, research and data processing, writing;

Ezlyu F.N. — collecting material, conducting research and processing data, and writing and editing the text;

Shartan R.R. — collecting data from the literature, gathering material, conducting research, and processing data;

Alimkhanova A.A. — literature data collection, data processing.

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: January 19, 2022 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

Introduction. The emergence of various digital educational resources for children dictates the need for scientific justification of their safe use in educational and leisure activities of preschoolers of different ages.

The aim of the study is the hygienic assessment of electronic educational content (EEC) of the digital educational system “Mobile e-education — Kindergarten” (DES “MEE Kindergarten”) for preschool children.

Materials and methods. A hygienic observational and expert-analytical study was conducted to evaluate the EEC of the DES “MEE Kindergarten” (60 scenarios of classes) for preschoolers of different age groups.

Results. To assess EEC there have been established hygienic significant indicators follows: the number, size, contrast and color scheme of information objects; the presence of text and indicators of its font design; sound and video clips; a set of navigation tools, the ability to customize the image. The analysis of the scenarios of classes showed the main indicators of EEC generally to meet the age capabilities of preschool children and the principles of hygienic safety. The results of the expert-analytical study allow concluding the electronic materials of the DES “MEE Kindergarten” can be used in the educational and leisure activities of preschool children.

Limitations. The study was limited to the study of the main components of the EEC (illustrative material, audio and video fragments in the practical absence of text material), taking into account indicators important for the safe visual work of preschoolers.

Conclusion. The scientific substantiation of the safe using the DES “MEE Kindergarten” in the educational and leisure activities of preschoolers is given. The results of the research made it possible to identify hygienically significant indicators for assessing the EЕC for preschoolers, including parameters characterizing its design; to develop hygienic recommendations for the use of the DES “MEE Kindergarten” according to the age of children and hygiene regulations. The data obtained are one of the stages in the development of a methodology for assessing and hygienic rationing of quantitative and qualitative indicators of EEC for preschoolers, preparation of hygienic recommendations for its design in the context of digital transformation of education.

Contribution:

Kuchma V.R. — the concept and design of the study, editing;

Stepanova M.I., Polenova M.A. — collection and processing of material, writing a text, editing. 

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: January 21, 2021 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

Introduction. Adolescence is a critical period over ontogenesis. The complex and heterochronous maturation of various brain structures under the influence of several biologically active substances such as neurotransmitters and hormones, determines the peak of the implementation of risky behavior, including those that promote the gain in the risk of psychoactive substances used by adolescents. At the same time, the variability of behaviour and the degree of risk of use in adolescence is strictly individual and depends on genetic factors. In this regard, the accumulated experience of research on the study of the relationship between neurobiology and genetics in the aspect of the implementation of mental behavioral risk factors becomes relevant. 

The analysis of scientific literature for the period from 2009 to 2021 in the scientometric databases WoS, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, RSCI was carried out. 59 scientific reports were selected for a systematic review. Modern molecular genetic studies often reveal connections between a specific gene and a wide range of mental brain functions related to different levels of individuality. In the scientific literature, this is explained by the fact that a significant part of the genes is expressed in most brain structures and can be included in various neural systems that provide mental activity. Many gene polymorphisms are established to determine the neurobiology of maturation of the main structures of the brain, which indirectly determines the behavioral risks and risks of substance use over adolescence. 

Conclusion. Individual genetic polymorphisms affect multidimensional and heterogeneous behavior and character traits, based on neurobiological processes. The study of the effect of gene polymorphism on brain function is highly relevant and promising for research in this area.

Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: November 11, 2021 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

Introduction. In large cities an assessment of the impact of environmental risk factors in addition to the levels of air pollution on the morbidity of the population and the medical and demographic situation should take into account the influence of the socio-economic living conditions of the population, both availability and quality of medical care.

The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis, assess the informativeness of indicators of air quality, socio-economic living conditions of the population, the availability of medical care, and identify the priority of these factors in large industrial cities of different regions of Russia.

Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of indicators of the ecological situation, socio-economic conditions of living and the availability of medical care to the population in large industrial cities for the period 2008–2018 was carried out according to official statistics.

Results. The criterion for choosing cities for the analysis was the population size. Large industrial cities of four Federal districts were selected as objects of research: Central (Central Federal District), Volga (Volga Federal District), Ural (Ural Federal District) and Siberian (Siberian Federal District). The main source of anthropogenic load in the Central Federal District in 50.0% of cities included in the analysis is motor transport, in 25.0% — stationary, in 25.0% the contributions of sources are comparable; in the Volga Federal District in 100.0% of cities — mobile sources; in the Ural Federal District, 50% of cities have stationary sources and 50% have mobile sources. In the Siberian Federal District, in 62.5% of the cities included in the analysis, stationary sources make the main contribution to the anthropogenic load. In cities with a population of 0.5–1 million people, the ratio of monetary income to the subsistence level and the number of doctors per 10,000 population is higher than in cities with population of 250–500 thousand.

Limitations. Limited access to quantitative data and time periods.

Conclusions. The indicator of anthropogenic load per inhabitant is an informative indicator of the direct impact of atmospheric air pollution on the health of the population in large cities. The ratio of the average per capita income to the subsistence minimum most objectively characterizes the level of material well-being of the population in regions with different levels of economic development. The number of doctors per 10,000 people is an indicator of the inequality of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the level of medical provision and the availability of medical care.

Contribution:

Skovronskaya S.A., Ivanova S.V. — collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing;

Meshkov N.A. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;

Valtseva E.A. — research design, collection and processing of material, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment to the Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of the Russian Federation.

Received: October 19, 2021 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022

Юрий Анатольевич Рахманин родился 27 апреля 1937 г. в г. Колпашево Томской области. В 1960 г. окончил 1-й Московский медицинский институт им. И.М. Сеченова. Доктор медицинских наук (1980). Профессор (1981) по специальности «Гигиена». Академик РАН (2013). Член-корр. Российской академии медицинских наук (1993) по специальности «Гигиена». Действительный член (академик) Европейской академии естественных наук. Академик Российской академии медицинских наук (1999) по специальности «Экология человека».