Vol 17, No 1 (2018)

Backward locomotion (backward walking and running) is increasingly used in sports and medicine. Kinetic and kinematic analysis of backward walking showed its advantages over the usual method of movement that can be successfully used in the athletic training and for treatment and rehabilitation after various diseases. During sports training backward walking/running can be used as one of the methods of fitness to improve physical endurance. Backward walking leads to a more cardiovascular and respiratory load and a more significant aerobic and anaerobic capacity of the organism compared with forward walking at similar parameters of physical activity. Backward walking is associated with less overload on knee joints, it is also one of the few natural ways of strengthening the quadriceps. Backward walking is used to elaborate the correct pattern of gait in children with cerebral palsy, in persons with hemiplegia after stroke, in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, in spinal cord injured patients. Regular backward walking trainings improve spatial-temporal parameters of walking and balance, increase muscle strength of the lower limbs in these diseases. There is an information about the application of backward walking exercises in diabetic foot syndrome in order to reduce a plantar pressure and in physical rehabilitation of postoperative patients. Tests with backward walking are used for diagnostic purposes - to assess the severity of impaired coordination and motor skills in post-stroke patients and in Parkinson’s disease, to identify the minimal walking impairment in persons with multiple sclerosis and for probability of falling prediction in elderly individuals and patients with dizziness.

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the integrated spa therapy of the metabolic syndrome (MS) with the use of drinking mineral waters (MB) of different chemical composition and mineralization, taking into account the dynamics of hormonal parameters, carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, liver function. Eighty patients with MS received a standard clinical and laboratory examination at the beginning and at the end of the course of treatment. By random sampling, two groups of 40 people were formed, each of whom received an internal intake of MB Essentuki-Novaya or Essentuki No. 4. It was established that the complex spa treatment of patients with MS and the pathology of carbohydrate metabolism in the form of impaired fasting glucose and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with drinking MB is pathogenetically directed and includes the main means of actively affecting the well-being of patients, body weight, metabolic processes, hormonal regulatory systems and liver function, the course of concomitant diseases. The results of the study allowed us to recommend MB Essentuki-Novaya for the specified category of people as a curative and preventive agent in order to prevent further progression of carbohydrate metabolism and pathological changes in the liver.

The article presents the results of an evaluation of the comparative efficacy of treatment for 198 patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases, which show that transcranial electrostimulation is generally comparable in effectiveness with the method of intravenous laser irradiation of blood, differing in non-invasiveness and lower cost.

The influence of course intake of the natural mineral water of the Pyatigorsk source, modified by selenium nanoparticles at a dosage of 40 μg/kg, on the level of thyroid hormones, insulin, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone, including depending on the method of drinking animals (free drinking and intragastric) was studied in rats. The histological structure of the thyroid gland during drinking with mineral water corresponded to that of healthy control animals, but in the group that received water intragastrically through the probe, the function of thyrocytes and levels of triiodothyronine and dehydroepiandrosterone in the blood were reduced. The courses of the mineral water modified by selenium nanoparticles, according to the data of multiple linear regression, contributed to the activation of the thyroid system.