Physical Activity and the Myokine Irisin in Non-pharmacological Treatment of Alzheimer Disease

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Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory impairment, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. The available treatment options primarily aim to temporarily alleviate symptoms without addressing the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on non-pharmacological approaches that may slow the progression of AD and improve cognitive function. One promising area is the investigation of irisin, a myokine released in response to physical activity that has been shown in recent studies to exert multifaceted neuroprotective effects. Irisin regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, activates neurogenesis, improves insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, and reduces neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that irisin improves memory performance, spatial learning, and synaptic plasticity in animal models of AD. Moreover, physical activity that promotes irisin secretion has been shown to improve cognitive function and overall well-being in patients with AD. This review summarizes current data on the mechanisms of irisin action and its role in the pathogenesis and treatment of AD. The review emphasizes the need for further research, particularly studies on pharmacological modulation of irisin and the integration of physical exercise into comprehensive treatment strategies. Irisin is considered a promising target for developing novel prevention and treatment strategies in AD.

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About the authors

Yuriy A. Gibizov

North Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: sadreit@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-2126-1813
Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz

Liza B. Vagapova

Stavropol State Medical University

Email: vagapova.li@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-5148-6794
Russian Federation, Stavropol

Alina O. Aguzarova

North Ossetian State Medical Academy

Email: aguzarova20021410@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-5879-7570
Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz

Julia V. Nazarova

Ryazan State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlov

Email: nazar-yulia2015@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-2589-3538
Russian Federation, Ryazan

Yana A. Zotkina

Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University

Email: zotckina.yana@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-5204-4386
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Ekaterina A. Atamanyuk

Privolzhsky Research Medical University

Email: ekaterina_ataman@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-2719-664X
Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod

Mariia M. Rodikova

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: rodikova_00@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-9183-6888
Russian Federation, Moscow

Rafael N. Timergaleev

Kazan Federal University

Email: rafa-el99@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-5632-1394
Russian Federation, Kazan

Aleksandr M. Kupriyanov

Krasnoyarsk State Medical University

Email: mgaine@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4931-0261
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk

Anastasiia A. Chuprina

Vernadsky Crimean Federal University

Email: Chuprinik5@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-8268-2511
Russian Federation, Simferopol

Azamat I. Aslakhanov

Stavropol State Medical University

Email: azamat.aslakhanov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-1878-2739
Russian Federation, Stavropol

Victoria Yu. Veremiychuk

Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University

Email: dr.veremiychuk_vu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-4056-346X
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Anton O. Maryin

Ulyanovsk State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: antonmarin241@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-2472-4828
Russian Federation, Ulyanovsk

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