Generating Retinas through Guided Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation and Direct Somatic Cell Reprogramming

  • Authors: Zhang K.1, Cai W.2, Hu L.1, Chen S.3
  • Affiliations:
    1. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
    2. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science,
    3. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science
  • Issue: Vol 19, No 9 (2024)
  • Pages: 1251-1262
  • Section: Medicine
  • URL: https://rjpbr.com/1574-888X/article/view/645930
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/011574888X255496230923164547
  • ID: 645930

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Abstract

:Retinal degeneration diseases affect millions of people worldwide but are among the most difficult eye diseases to cure. Studying the mechanisms and developing new therapies for these blinding diseases requires researchers to have access to many retinal cells. In recent years there has been substantial advances in the field of biotechnology in generating retinal cells and even tissues in vitro, either through programmed sequential stem cell differentiation or direct somatic cell lineage reprogramming. The resemblance of these in vitro-generated retinal cells to native cells has been increasingly utilized by researchers. With the help of these in vitro retinal models, we now have a better understanding of human retinas and retinal diseases. Furthermore, these in vitro-generated retinal cells can be used as donor cells which solves a major hurdle in the development of cell replacement therapy for retinal degeneration diseases, while providing a promising option for patients suffering from these diseases. In this review, we summarize the development of pluripotent stem cell-to-retinal cell differentiation methods, the recent advances in generating retinal cells through direct somatic cell reprogramming, and the translational applications of retinal cells generated in vitro. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the current protocols and possible future directions for improvement.

About the authors

Ke Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Wenwen Cai

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Leyi Hu

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Shuyi Chen

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

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