Articular Cartilage Injury; Current Status and Future Direction


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Abstract

Today, treatments of cartilage and osteochondral lesions are routine clinical procedures. The avascular and hard-to-self-repair nature of cartilage tissue has posed a clinical challenge for the replacement and reconstruction of damaged cartilage. Treatment of large articular cartilage defects is technically difficult and complex, often accompanied by failure. Articular cartilage cannot repair itself after injury due to a lack of blood vessels, lymph, and nerves. Various treatments for cartilage regeneration have shown encouraging results, but unfortunately, none have been the perfect solution. New minimally invasive and effective techniques are being developed. The development of tissue engineering technology has created hope for articular cartilage reconstruction. This technology mainly supplies stem cells with various sources of pluripotent and mesenchymal stem cells. This article describes the treatments in detail, including types, grades of cartilage lesions, and immune mechanisms in cartilage injuries.

About the authors

Maryam Moradi

School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Farzad Parvizpour

Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center,, Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Zohreh Arabpour

Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center,, Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Nikan Zargarzadeh

School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Mahnaz Nazari

Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Heewa Rashnavadi

Medicine School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Farshid Sefat

Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering,, University of Bradford

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Sanaz Dehghani

Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center,, Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Marzieh Latifi

Hematology and Oncology Research Center,, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Arefeh Jafarian

Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center,, Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

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