Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Sugar Transporter Genes in Silver Birch

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Abstract

Sugar transporters play an important role in regulating the long-distance sucrose transport from source to sink organs. The main sucrose absorber in woody plants is developing wood. Thus, sucrose transport, regulated by SUT, SWEET, and MST gene families, will determine the formation of woody biomass. Based on silver birch (Betula pendula var. pendula Roth) genomic data, we identified and analyze encoding sugar transporters in Betula pendula. We conducted BLAST-search, phylogenetic, structural analysis and analysis of cis-acting elements of sugar transporter genes and determined their chromosomal localization. We were able to identify and characterize 3 genes of the SUT family, 10 SWEET genes and 36 MST genes, which have a typical number of functional and transmembrane domains for the family. It was shown that silver birch contains a smaller number of sugar transporters genes compared to A. thaliana, which is probably because of the apoplastic type of terminal phloem loading in Arabidopsis, while in silver birch phloem loading is carried out predominantly symplastically. The results obtained may be useful for further study of the participation of sucrose transporters in various biosynthetic processes in woody plants and provide a basis for various biotechnological manipulations.

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About the authors

M. A. Korzhenevskyi

Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tselishcheva.yulia@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Petrozavods, 185910

Yu. L. Moshchenskaya

Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: tselishcheva.yulia@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Petrozavods, 185910

T. V. Tarelkina

Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tselishcheva.yulia@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Petrozavods, 185910

N. A. Galibina

Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tselishcheva.yulia@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Petrozavods, 185910

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram showing the mechanism of sugar transport by transport proteins (ST).

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3. Fig. 2. Phylogenetic trees: (a) – SUT family proteins of A. thaliana, V. vinifera, P. Trichocarpa and B. pendula; (b) – SWEET family proteins of A. thaliana, P. trichocarpa and B. pendula; (c) – MST family proteins of A. thaliana and B. pendula. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA 11.0 by the maximum likelihood method with the LG + G model and 1000 bootstrap analysis iterations for SUT, with the JTT + F + G model and 1000 bootstrap analysis iterations for SWEET, with the LG + F + G model and 500 bootstrap analysis iterations for MST. Phylogenetic trees were visualized using the iTOL online tool.

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4. Fig. 3. Exon-intron organization of the SUT gene family of A. thaliana, P. trichocarpa and B. pendula (a), the SWEET gene family of A. thaliana and B. pendula (b) and the MST gene family of A. thaliana and B. pendula (c). CDS and gene sequences of birch were obtained from the genome on the online resource Genomevolution. (The online tool http://gsds.gao-lab.org/ was used for processing and visualization).

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5. Fig. 4. Conserved motifs, functional and transmembrane domains of ST B. pendula of the SUT family (a), SWEET family (b) and MST family (c). Protein sequences of birch genes were obtained from the genome on the Genomevolution online resource. Conserved motifs were identified using the MEME tool, functional domains were determined by the NCBI CDD-Search tool, and transmembrane domains were determined using TMHMM 3.0.

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6. Fig. 5. Chromosomal localization of ST genes of B. pendula. Genes of the same family are highlighted in the same color. Visualized using the TBtools tool.

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