Vegetation and climate changes in the north of the central Kamchatka depression in the late Holocene

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In order to study the vegetation history of the northern part of the Central Kamchatka Depression, a core Kich was obtained and studied by lithological, tephrochronological, palynological analyses and radiocarbon dating. Palynological data allowed us to identify the main stages in the vegetation and climate development over the past 3000 years. By the end of the cool period at ~2.5 cal. kyr BP, in the Kich River valley poplar forests were replaced by alder, willow and stone birch forests. About 1.9 cal. kyr BP, sedge-dominated mire was replaced by grass meadows as a result of a series of the Shiveluch volcano eruptions and climate changes. As climate became drier stone birch forests spread about 1.2 cal. kyr BP. Since 0.8 cal. kyr BP, the areas of coniferous forests increase, first with the spread of larch and later spruce.

作者简介

E. Mukhametshina

Institute of geography RAS; Geological institute RAS

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: eomukhametshina@igras.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

M. Shchekleina

Fersman Mineralogical Museum

Email: eomukhametshina@igras.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

A. Zakharov

Fersman Mineralogical Museum

Email: eomukhametshina@igras.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. The position of the Kich core and the previously studied by other palynologists Holocene sections (1-11) of the central and northern parts of the Peninsula (а) and the position of the Kich section on the satellite image (б) and topographic map (в). 1 – Olive-backed Lake (Self et al., 2015); 2 – Krutoberegovo (Pendea et al., 2017); 3 – Nedostupny Yar; 4 – Bol’shoi Yar; 5 – Krutoi Yar; 6 – Polovinka Yar (sites 3–6: Braitseva et al., 1968); 7 – Ushki (Lozhkin, Slobodin, 2012); 8 – Kirganinskaya Tundra (Khotinsky, 1977); 9 – Stolbovaya (Dirksen et al., 2013); 10 – Cherny Yar (Andreev, Pevzner, 2001); 11 – Two-Yurts Lake (Hoff et al., 2015).

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3. Fig. 2. The lithology of the Kich core and its age-depth model. 1–2 – medium (1) and highly (2) decomposed peat; 3 – peaty loam; 4 – dark, almost black, peat interlayer; 5 –different sizes tephra in the peat that does not form visible interlayers; tephra interlayers: 6 – fine grained light-gray, 7 – fine-grained peach colour, 8 – coarse sand tephra of “salt and pepper” colour; 9 – organic inclusions; 10 – lapilli. On the age-depth model, the central dashed line means the average age values, shades of gray show the probability decreasing with distance from the average, gray dashed lines limit the range of 95% probability. Gray horizontal stripes show the depths of the tephra horizons. ЛПЗ mean local pollen zones (see fig. 5).

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4. Fig. 3. The core Kich from depths of 1–1.5 m. Peat with tephra layers.

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5. Fig. 4. Composition of glasses from tephra of the Kich core and from proximal pyroclastic deposits of selected volcanoes. Composition of proximal glasses younger than 3 ka according to the TephraKam database (Portnyagin et al., 2020). Boundaries of low-K, medium-K and high-K fields according to Gill (1981). Boundaries of basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite and rhyolite fields according to Le Maitre et al. (2005). 1 – Kich; 2 – Ksudach; 3 – Klyuchevskoi; 4 – Shiveluch.

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6. Fig. 5. Pollen percentages diagram of Kich core, north of Central Kamchatka depression, Kamchatka Peninsula. ЛПЗ mean Local Pollen Assemblage Zones. Empty curves represent 10× exaggeration. Climatic intervals: 1 – cooler, 2 – warmer, 3 – wetter, 4 – drier; 5 – tephra layers.

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