New data on the age and evolution of the late pleistocene cryogenesis in the southern caspian Lowland

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The article presents new data on cryogenic structures of different periods found in sections in the south of the Lower Volga Region. Based on a comprehensive cryolithological analysis, cryogenic origin of these structures was confirmed. Absolute dating by the method of optically stimulated luminescence was used to determine the age of enclosing, overlying deposits and filler of the structures. Four stages of cryogenesis were established in in firth-marine deposits of the Lower Volga region: I stage ~115—105 ka (КОС-4 and КОС-3 horizons), II stage ~90—83 ka (КОС-2), III stage ~47—45 ka (CY-1), IV stage ~23—22 (КОС-1). In the south of the Caspian Lowland, with generally arid conditions existed throughout the Late Pleistocene, the humidity of sediments (determined by the geomorphological position of the sections) played a decisive role in the development of cryogenesis of cold stages. This study makes it possible to move the boundary of the maximum distribution of the Late Pleistocene permafrost area for this territory by 250 km to the south than previously assumed. The new data significantly refine our understanding of the stages and scales of the development of cryogenesis in the southeast of the East European Plain, and allow us to improve paleogeographic reconstructions for the Late Pleistocene of the Caspian Lowland.

Sobre autores

N. Taratunina

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Geography RAS

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: taratuninana@gmail.com

Faculty of Geography

Rússia, Moscow; Moscow

V. Rogov

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS

Email: taratuninana@gmail.com

Faculty of Geography

Rússia, Moscow; Tyumen

I. Streletskaya

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: taratuninana@gmail.com

Faculty of Geography

Rússia, Moscow

T. Yanina

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Geography RAS

Email: taratuninana@gmail.com

Faculty of Geography

Rússia, Moscow; Moscow

A. Kurchatova

Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS; Tyumen Industrial University

Email: taratuninana@gmail.com
Rússia, Tyumen; Tyumen

M. Lukyanycheva

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Geography RAS

Email: taratuninana@gmail.com

Faculty of Geography

Rússia, Moscow; Moscow

R. Kurbanov

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Geography RAS

Email: taratuninana@gmail.com

Faculty of Geography

Rússia, Moscow; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Studied area: (а, б) — the location of the area and studied sections; (в) — general view on the relief of the southern part of the Lower Volga Region (Chernyy Yar location).

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3. Fig. 2. Chernyy Yar section: (а) — the scheme of the — section with the coefficient of cryogenic contrast, OSL dating results, the color of the deposits reflects the natural color of the sediments; (б) — general view (white arrows show studied structures); (в) — sampled structure (numbers indicate sampling points for lithological analysis); (г) — sketch of the sampled structure with the results of OSL dating. 1 — clay; 2 — loam; 3 — sandy loam; 4 — loess; 5 — sand; 6 — redeposited sediment; 7 — paleosols; 8 — stratification; 9 — cryogenic-like structures; 10 — malacofauna; 11 — carbonates (concretions and admixtures); 12 — krotovinas; 13 — layers numbers; 14 — sampling points for lithological analyses; 15 — OSL age, ka (structures filler and overlying sediments); 16 — OSL age, ka (enclosing sediments).

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4. Fig. 3. The Kosika section: (а) — general view; (б) — section scheme (according to Butuzova et al., with additions); (в) — fragment from fig. 3, (б); (г) — wedge-shaped structure of КОС-1 horizon; (д) — structure of horizon КОС-3 with horizontal schliers; (е) — wedge-shaped structure filled with beige sand of КОС-1 horizon (red outline), and thin, long structure filled with red sand (white outline) of КОС-4 horizon; (ж) — bag-shaped structure of КОС-2 (red outline) inflicted on the structure of КОС-3, also the results of OSL dating of the deposits of the Kosika section, the position of dates is shown by horizons conditionally; (з) — structures of КОС-3 (left) and КОС-4 (right) filled with loose sand, the tail of the left one is cemented. The color in the schemes reflects the natural color of the sediments. Symbols are in fig. 2.

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5. Fig. 4. Morphology of quartz grains and aggregates of deposits that enclosing ice-wedge casts (layers 7—8), Chernyy Yar section: (а) — angular quartz grain with conchoidal chips; (б) — grain with chips and a fresh surface; (в) — angular grain with smoothed angles and parallel grooves (white arrows); (г) — elongated grain with smooth edges; (д) — traces of etching on the grain surface; (е) — calcite aggregate.

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6. Fig. 5. Morphology of quartz grains of the Kosika section: (а) — angular quartz grain (layer 7); (б) — elongate, well-rounded grain (from ice-wedge cast deposits, fig. 3, (д)); (в) — quartz grain with pits (from ice-wedge cast deposits, fig. 3, (з)); (г) — quartz grain with chips (from ice-wedge cast deposits, fig. 3, (з)); (д) — aggregate with particles of different size (from ice-wedge cast deposits, fig. 3, (з)); (е) — ferruginous nodule (pseudomorphosis from fig. 3, (д)).

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