间歇性缺氧-高氧治疗对老年人群生理及治疗预防效应的现代认识

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间歇性缺氧-高氧治疗（IHHT, intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia therapy）被提出作为一种潜在有效的方法，能够影响衰老过程，提高老年人的生活质量，并降低该年龄群体的发病率。即使是短暂的间歇性缺氧暴露，也足以刺激活性氧的积累，提高缺氧诱导因子1 （hypoxia-inducible factor 1, HIF-1）的调控 α 亚基水平，并由此激活一系列生理反应，从而增强机体对缺氧和氧化应激的耐受性。另一个因间歇性缺氧诱导的重要生理现象是长期通气增强（LTF, long-term facilitation），其机制涉及运动神经元活动的降低及肺通气的调节，主要表现为潮气量的增加。此外，IHHT还能增强5-羟色胺系统的活性，促进脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF）的合成，而BDNF在高级神经活动中起着关键作用，其缺乏与多种精神疾病、神经退行性疾病以及脑部衰老密切相关。研究发现，IHHT对心力衰竭的临床标志、脂质及碳水化合物代谢紊乱、炎症过程及肝脏酶功能均具有积极作用。因此，IHHT的主要理论依据是增强机体适应能力，提高机体对缺氧这一在多种疾病进程中起关键作用的重要应激因子的耐受性。

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作者简介

Alina A. Reutova

Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology

Email: reutovaaa@mrik-fmba.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5558-6545
SPIN 代码: 3939-8893
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Nina S. Prilipko

Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: n_prilipko@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1034-2640
SPIN 代码: 4540-9590

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Nazim G. Badalov

Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology; The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University

Email: prof.badalov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1407-3038
SPIN 代码: 2264-4351

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Рrofessor

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

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