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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">646419</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr646419</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">nbafru</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current perspectives on the physiological and therapeutic effects of intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia therapy in older adults</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные представления о физиологических и лечебно-профилактических эффектах воздействия прерывистой гипокси-гипероксической терапии на людей пожилого возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>间歇性缺氧-高氧治疗对老年人群生理及治疗预防效应的现代认识</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-6545</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3939-8893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reutova</surname><given-names>Alina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Реутова</surname><given-names>Алина Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Reutova</surname><given-names>Alina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>reutovaaa@mrik-fmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1034-2640</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4540-9590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prilipko</surname><given-names>Nina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прилипко</surname><given-names>Нина Станиславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Prilipko</surname><given-names>Nina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>n_prilipko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-3038</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2264-4351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Badalov</surname><given-names>Nazim G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадалов</surname><given-names>Назим Гаджибала оглы</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Badalov</surname><given-names>Nazim G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Рrofessor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Рrofessor</p></bio><email>prof.badalov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской реабилитации и курортологии</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Balneology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-20"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-21"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/646419">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/646419</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia therapy has been proposed as a potential method for influencing aging processes, enhancing quality of life in older adults, and reducing morbidity in this population. Even short-term intermittent hypoxic exposure is a sufficient stimulus for the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, the upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), and the subsequent activation of adaptive mechanisms that enhance resistance to hypoxia and oxidative stress. Another well-studied physiological phenomenon induced by intermittent hypoxia is long-term facilitation, which is characterized by reduced motor neuron activity and modulated lung ventilation, primarily manifesting as an increase in tidal volume. Increased serotonergic activity induced by intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia therapy promotes the synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which plays a crucial role in higher neural functions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor deficiency is associated with the development of various psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as brain aging. intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia therapy has demonstrated beneficial effects on clinical markers of heart failure, lipid and glucose metabolism disorders, inflammatory processes and liver enzymatic activity. Thus, the primary theoretical justification for intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia therapy is to enhance the body’s adaptive capacity and increase resistance to hypoxia, which plays a key role in the course of various pathological conditions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Прерывистая гипокси-гипероксическая терапия (ПГГТ) предложена как один из возможных эффективных методов, способных воздействовать на процессы старения, улучшить качество жизни людей пожилого возраста, а также снизить заболеваемость в данной возрастной группе. Даже краткосрочное прерывистое воздействие гипоксии на организм является достаточным стимулом для накопления активных форм кислорода, повышения регулируемой альфа-субъединицы индуцируемого гипоксией фактора 1 (HIF-1) и, как следствие, развития каскада реакций, направленных на повышение устойчивости к гипоксии и окислительному стрессу. Ещё одним наиболее изученным физиологическим феноменом, возникающим в результате воздействия прерывистой гипоксии, считается долгосрочное облегчение дыхания (long term facilitation, LTF), которое обусловлено снижением активности двигательных нейронов и смягчением вентиляции лёгких, которые проявляются в первую очередь увеличением дыхательного объёма. Повышение активности серотониновой системы под воздействием ПГГТ также способствует росту синтеза нейротрофического фактора головного мозга (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), играющего важную роль в процессах высшей нервной деятельности, а его дефицит связан с развитием многих психиатрических и нейродегенеративных заболеваний, а также старением головного мозга. Выявлено позитивное влияние ПГГТ на клинические маркеры сердечной недостаточности, нарушения липидного и углеводного обменов, воспалительных процессов и ферментативной функции печени. Таким образом, основное теоретическое обоснование применения ПГГТ — повышение адаптивных возможностей организма, увеличение устойчивости к такому важному стрессору, как гипоксия, играющему ключевую роль в течении различных заболеваний.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>间歇性缺氧-高氧治疗（IHHT, intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia therapy）被提出作为一种潜在有效的方法，能够影响衰老过程，提高老年人的生活质量，并降低该年龄群体的发病率。即使是短暂的间歇性缺氧暴露，也足以刺激活性氧的积累，提高缺氧诱导因子1 （hypoxia-inducible factor 1, HIF-1）的调控 α 亚基水平，并由此激活一系列生理反应，从而增强机体对缺氧和氧化应激的耐受性。另一个因间歇性缺氧诱导的重要生理现象是长期通气增强（LTF, long-term facilitation），其机制涉及运动神经元活动的降低及肺通气的调节，主要表现为潮气量的增加。此外，IHHT还能增强5-羟色胺系统的活性，促进脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF）的合成，而BDNF在高级神经活动中起着关键作用，其缺乏与多种精神疾病、神经退行性疾病以及脑部衰老密切相关。研究发现，IHHT对心力衰竭的临床标志、脂质及碳水化合物代谢紊乱、炎症过程及肝脏酶功能均具有积极作用。因此，IHHT的主要理论依据是增强机体适应能力，提高机体对缺氧这一在多种疾病进程中起关键作用的重要应激因子的耐受性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia therapy</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>aged</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>neurodegenerative processes</kwd><kwd>physiological effects</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прерывистая гипокси-гипероксическая терапия</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>пожилые люди</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>нейродегенеративные процессы</kwd><kwd>физиологические эффекты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>间歇性缺氧-高氧治疗</kwd><kwd>衰老</kwd><kwd>老年人</kwd><kwd>心血管疾病</kwd><kwd>神经退行性过程</kwd><kwd>生理效应</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Dziechciaż M, Filip R. 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