Физические тренировки и кардиореабилитация при хронической сердечной недостаточности: возможности, проблемы и пути оптимизации

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Аннотация

Хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) остаётся одной из ведущих причин заболеваемости, инвалидизации и смертности во всём мире. Основными клиническими проявлениями ХСН являются одышка, утомляемость и непереносимость физических нагрузок, что значительно снижает качество жизни пациентов. Кардиореабилитация (КР) представляет собой эффективное вмешательство, направленное на восстановление физической работоспособности, улучшение функционального состояния и повышение приверженности терапии у больных ХСН. В традиционную структуру КР входят аэробные тренировки средней интенсивности, тренировки с отягощениями, дыхательные тренировки, а также модификация факторов риска и образовательные мероприятия. Однако уровень участия в программах КР остаётся крайне низким. К числу основных препятствий относятся недостаточное направление со стороны медицинских работников, финансовые барьеры, трудности транспортировки, а также ограничения, связанные с социальной, когнитивной и цифровой доступностью. В статье рассматриваются новые стратегии повышения охвата кардиореабилитацией, включая развитие гибридных и домашних программ, применение цифровых технологий для дистанционного мониторинга и перспективы интеграции искусственного интеллекта для персонализации подходов к лечению. Особое внимание уделено необходимости устранения цифрового неравенства и обеспечению более широкого доступа к программам КР для уязвимых групп населения. Инновационные модели кардиореабилитации способны существенно изменить парадигму ведения пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью, повысив доступность реабилитационных услуг и улучшив их клинические исходы.

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Алина Рамиловна Султанова

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: snhfromdol@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-3651-3376
Россия, Уфа

Владислав Таймуразович Джанаев

Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия

Email: vladik_dz@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-9190-5785
Россия, Владикавказ

Илья Андреевич Брыков

Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова

Email: iljabrykov8@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-2623-9243
Россия, Рязань

Данила Андреевич Шведко

Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова

Email: Shvedko2002@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-9622-0766
Россия, Рязань

Анастасия Сергеевна Митькиных

Кировский государственный медицинский университет

Email: a24276035@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-7681-611X
Россия, Киров

Зайнап Насруллаевна Дадашева

Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова

Email: dznzaynap@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-8402-1932
Россия, Санкт-Петербург

Гафгаз Этибарович Гасанов

Кубанский государственный медицинский университет

Email: caucasus3000@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-4605-5022
Россия, Краснодар

Амалия Индрисовна Гукъямухова

Северо-Кавказская государственная академия

Email: Amaliya02_02@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-8458-5289
Россия, Черкесск

Марьян Айнудиновна Токаева

Северо-Кавказская государственная академия

Email: marisha.tokaeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-5107-770X
Россия, Черкесск

Татьяна Евгеньевна Каптелинина

Ростовский государственный медицинский университет

Email: kaptelinina87@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-5025-3684
Россия, Ростов-на-Дону

Ангелина Евгеньевна Урманова

Северо-Кавказская государственная академия

Email: gelya.urmanova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-4962-7873
Россия, Черкесск

Софья Андреевна Ванькова

Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарева

Email: vankovas2001@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-7267-9651
Россия, Саранск

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Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 86508 от 11.12.2023. 
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ЭЛ № ФС 77 - 80650 от 15.03.2021 г.