Sports with epilepsy: is possible or not. Literature review

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Abstract

Epilepsy affects people of all ages and is a common disease. This neurological syndrome is determined by two or more spontaneous, unprovoked seizures that occur at least a day apart. The urgency of the problem lies in the serious adverse effects of epilepsy on the social and psychological well-being of patients.

This literature review discusses the main positions of modern epileptology in relation to sports for patients with epilepsy. The most recent clinical and experimental studies proving the safety of sports for patients with epilepsy and the positive effect of sports on reducing the number of epileptic seizures and improving the quality of life are listed. The antieleptic mechanisms of sports were demonstrated as hippocampal activation, stress realization, antiepileptic properties of acidosis, increased concentration of adenosine in brain tissues, release of β-endorphins and inhibition of the kindling effect. Also in this obor are sports that cannot be practiced with epilepsy.

The opinion of epileptologists in Russia about sports in epilepsy does not differ from the opinion of most epileptologists of the modern world, and therefore patients are allowed to visit gyms and swimming pools in the presence of an instructor.

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About the authors

Mustafa Kh. Al-Zamil

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Brain and Spine Clinic

Author for correspondence.
Email: alzamil@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3643-982X
SPIN-code: 3434-9150

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow; Podolsk

Natalia G. Kulikova

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology

Email: www.kulikova@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8750-9034
SPIN-code: 5105-8330

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Ekaterina S. Vasileva

Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov

Email: e_vasileva@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3087-3067
SPIN-code: 5423-8408

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. The effect of sports on the reduction of epileptogenic activity of the brain.

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3. Fig. 2. Antiepileptic effect of acidosis, which simultaneously stimulates glutamate decarboxylase and inhibits GABA transamylase.

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4. Fig. 3. Chemical structure of β-endorphin.

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5. Fig. 4. The first available multimodal wristbands Embrace and E4 (Empatica) can detect early physiological manifestations of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, all data is transmitted via Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to mobile phones of close relatives and stored in special programs on a personal computer.

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