Acute poisoning in children: a retrospective analysis of cases

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Introduction. Acute exposure to chemicals is the most common cause of poisoning in pediatric practice and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. In the available domestic literature, we have not found publications concerning up-to-date data on the etiological structure, clinical characteristics of patients and outcomes of acute poisoning in children. Knowledge of clinical manifestations and prognosis for various poisoning in children will help doctors of the outpatient level and the reception department of hospitals to quickly determine the tactics of patient management and prevent serious consequences.

Materials and methods. In this retrospective study, the case histories of 300 children aged 0 to 18 years who were admitted to the emergency department of the third–level hospital - the Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan with acute poisoning for the period from 2018 to 2020 were studied.

Results. The study included 176 boys (58.6%) and 124 girls (41.4%). Poisoning was most common in the age periods from 1 to 3 years - 127 (42.3%) and from 12 to 18 years - 76 (25.3%). 67% of poisoning were unintentional, and in 33% of cases - intentional. The largest number of poisonings – 248 (82.7%) occurred at home, and 52 (17.3%) were poisoned outside the home. Of the 300 cases of poisoning, 70 (23.3%) were of mild severity, 151 (50.3%) of moderate severity, 79 (26.3%) of severe severity. The most common toxic substances were: chemical detergents, carbon monoxide, vasoconstrictor drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. All 300 patients survived.

Conclusion. Over the past 2 years, there has been an increase in the frequency of poisoning in the city of Kazan. Most patients had mild to moderate poisoning, more often unintentional. A serious condition was observed in adolescents when the cause of poisoning was a suicide attempt. The increase in the number of poisonings can be associated with the over-the-counter sale of a large number of drugs, their aggressive advertising, as well as improper storage at home.

作者简介

Aelita Kamalova

Kazan State Medical University
Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: galinagalina.gala@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2957-680X
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Galina Garina

Kazan State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: galinagalina.gala@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4333-8779
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Yulia Kadyrova

Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: gastro.drkb@mail.ru
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Raila Nizamova

Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: gastro.drkb@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7761-3046
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Madina Zainetdinova

Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: gastro.drkb@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0767-541X
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Elmira Kvitko

Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: gastro.drkb@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0803-7249
俄罗斯联邦

参考

  1. Kyu H. H., Stein C. E., Boschi Pinto C., Rakovac I., Weber M. W., Dannemann Purnat T., Amuah J. E., Glenn S. D., Cercy K., Biryukov S., Gold A. L., Chew A., Mooney M. D., O'Rourke K. F., Sligar A., Murray C. J. L., Mokdad A. H., Naghavi M. Causes of death among children aged 5-14 years in the WHO European Region: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 May;2(5):321-337. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30095-6. PMID: 29732397; PMCID: PMC5928398. of Desease study 2016 Lancet Child Adolesc Health.2018;2:321–37.
  2. Mintegi S., Azkunaga B., Prego J., Qureshi N., Dalziel S. R., Arana-Arri E., Acedo Y., Martinez-Indart L., Urkaregi A., Salmon N., Benito J., Kuppermann N.; Pediatric Emergency Research Networks (PERN) Poisoning Working Group. International Epidemiological Differences in Acute Poisonings in Pediatric Emergency Departments. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019 Jan;35(1):50-57. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001031. PMID: 28121975.
  3. Baranov A. A., Bagnenko S.F., Namazova-Baranova L.S., Aleksandrovich YU.S., Pshenisnov K.V., Alekseeva E.A., Selimzyanova L.R. Clinical guidelines for emergency medical care for poisoning in children. Pediatricheskaya farmakologiya. 2015; 12 (6): 657–667 (in Russian).
  4. Lin Y. R., Wu T. K., Liu T. A., Chou C. C., Wu H. P. Poison exposure and outcome of children admitted to a pediatric emergency department. World J Pediatr. 2011 May;7(2):143-9. doi: 10.1007/s12519-011-0267-7. Epub 2011 May 15. PMID: 21574031.
  5. Day, C.J. & Bellamy, M.C. (2005). Paracetamol poisoning. Care of the Critically Ill. 21. 51-56.
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版权所有 © Kamalova A., Garina G., Kadyrova Y.A., Nizamova R.A., Zainetdinova M.S., Kvitko E., 2022



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