Features of molecular phenotype and ultrastructure of smooth muscle cells in ascending aorta in premature born rats

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Abstract

Preterm birth can contribute to the development of diseases of circulatory system in adulthood due to the incompleteness of the morphogenesis of the blood vessels wall. Smooth muscle cells are the leading cell population in the middle shell of the aortic wall and are plastic in nature, i. e. they are able to change their phenotype depending on the conditions of their environment. The presence of synthetically active smooth muscle cells in the aortic wall of an adult individual is a predictor of the formation of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of our study is to identify the morphofunctional features of molecular phenotype and ultrastructure of smooth muscle cells of ascending aorta wall in rats born 12 and 24 hours prematurely. The paper presents the results of immunohistochemical and morphometric, as well as ultrastructural analysis of ascending aorta wall in Wistar rats born 12 and 24 hours prematurely. It has been shown that preterm birth leads to a later change in the phenotype of smooth muscle cells from synthetic to contractile, which can negatively affect the morphofunctional state of the cardiovascular system.

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About the authors

O. N. Serebryakova

Siberian State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: oserebryakovan@gmail.com

Department of Morphology and General Pathology

Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050

V. V. Ivanova

Siberian State Medical University

Email: oserebryakovan@gmail.com

Department of Morphology and General Pathology

Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050

I. V. Milto

Siberian State Medical University; Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the FMBA of Russia

Email: oserebryakovan@gmail.com

Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Radiobiology

Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050; Seversk, 636013

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2. Fig. 1. The wall of the ascending part of the aorta of full-term rats. a, b — 1 and 24 weeks of the experiment, respectively. Vimentin-positive staining of endotheliocytes of the inner shell, smooth myocytes of the middle shell and interstitial cells of the outer shell of the wall of the ascending part of the rat aorta. The membranes of the aortic wall are separated by a dashed line. During the experiment, there was a decrease in the number of vimentin-positive cells in the middle shell and a decrease in the intensity of the immunopositive reaction. Immunohistochemical reaction to vimentin with Gill's hematoxylin dye.

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3. Fig. 2. The wall of the ascending part of the aorta of rats born prematurely at 24 hours. a, b — 1 and 24 weeks of the experiment, respectively. Vimentin is a positive staining of endotheliocytes of the inner lining, smooth myocytes of the middle shell and interstitial cells of the outer shell of the wall of the ascending part of the aorta. The membranes of the aortic wall are separated by a dashed line. There is a decrease in the number of vimentin-positive cells, the intensity of the immunohistochemical reaction remains pronounced throughout the experiment. Immunohistochemical reaction to vimentin with Gill's hematoxylin dye.

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4. Fig. 3. The wall of the ascending part of the aorta for 1 week of the experiment. a — Control group (full-term individuals); b — 1st group (animals premature at 12 hours); c — 2nd group (animals premature at 24 hours). α-smooth muscle actin-positive staining of smooth myocytes of the middle shell and interstitial cells of the outer shell of the wall of the ascending part of the rat aorta. The membranes of the aortic wall are separated by a dashed line. A pronounced immunohistochemical reaction is observed in the cells of the middle shell of full-term animals, and a less intense immunohistochemical reaction is detected in the cells of prematurely born rats. Immunohistochemical reaction to α-smooth muscle actin with Gill's hematoxylin dye.

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5. Fig. 4. Wall of the ascending aorta at week 24 of the experiment: a — control group (full—term animals); b - 1st group (animals premature at 12 hours). α-Smooth muscle actin-positive staining of smooth myocytes of the middle membrane of the wall of the ascending aorta of rats. The membranes of the aortic wall are separated by a dashed line. In the middle shell of full—term animals, cells with a pronounced intensity predominate, in prematurely born rats - with a moderate intensity of the immune response. Immunohistochemical reaction to α-smooth muscle actin with Gill's hematoxylin dye.

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6. Fig. 5. Fragment of the middle shell of the wall of the ascending part of the aorta of full—term rats: a - 1st week of the experiment (black arrows indicate the synthetic apparatus represented by the tanks of the granular endoplasmic reticulum); b — 24th week of the experiment (black arrows indicate the contractile apparatus represented by myofilaments). Transmission electron microscopy.

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7. Fig. 6. Fragment of the middle shell of the wall of the ascending part of the aorta of rats born prematurely at 12 hours. a is the 1st week of the experiment (the black arrow indicates a developed granular endoplasmic reticulum); b is the 24th week of the experiment (the black arrow indicates a granular endoplasmic reticulum, the arrow with a black outline indicates mitochondria). Transmission electron microscopy.

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