Vol 101, No 8 (2022)

Introduction. The study of the aquifers water quality is an urgent task due to the increasing volumes of groundwater consumed, on the one hand, and the supply of drinking water to the population with insufficient water treatment or without it at all, on the other. In the Leningrad Region, one thousand three hundred thirty two water sources are used for drinking and household water supply to the population, while water without water treatment is supplied to the population of a significant number of settlements.

Materials and methods. In this study, a systematic analysis, statistical analysis, and the first stage of health risk assessment — the identification of danger were conducted. Research materials included 2634 water quality laboratory studies protocols (135200 studies) of 728 underground water sources of the Leningrad region for 2018–2021; data of the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring (FIF SGM) (34709 studies) for 2009–2019, reports on the results of searches and assessments of groundwater reserves for settlements water supply for 2003–2015; sanitary and epidemiological conclusions on the possibility of using water sources for drinking and household water supply, placed in the register of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing.

Results. The analysis of the laboratory examinations results of the underground water quality, due to natural factors, from various aquifers was exploited in the studied area. Substances which concentrations exceed the maximum permissible level have been identified. The first carried out stage of health risk assessment included hazard identification with ranking of chemicals by hazard indices for all operational aquifers. Recommendations are given on the adjustment of social-hygienic monitoring and industrial control programs of underground water quality, as well as on the improvement of water treatment systems.

Limitations. In this study there was a limitation on the nitrogen triad compounds origin and petroleum products analysis, in addition, the health risk assessment was limited to the hazard identification stage, due to the fact that exposure assessment was not performed.

Conclusion. Based on the ranking, there were identified carcinogenic substances as follows: arsenic, beryllium, lead, cadmium and substances that don`t have a carcinogenic effect: fluoride ion, ammonium ion, calcium, sodium, barium, magnesium, nitrates, nitrites, manganese, iron, which must be included in the groundwater industrial control programs.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study doesn`t require submission of the biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.

Contribution:
Gorbanev S.A. — concept and design of the study;
Stepanyan A.A. — content formation, statistical processing of results;
Isaev D.S. — the first stage of public health risk assessment — hazard identification;
Eremin G.B. — content formation;
Mozzhukhina N.A. — text verification and editing;
Myasnikov I.O. — collection and analysis of the results of laboratory tests.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. Among the population, smartphones are the most common mobile radio frequency receiving and transmitting devices with a complex operating system, a microprocessor, a large amount of memory, etc. It is an urgent task to measure and evaluate the smartphone electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposing to a person.

The purpose of the study. Comparative analysis of domestic and foreign methodological approaches to measuring and evaluating electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range (RF) created by smartphones.

Materials and methods. Analysis of foreign and domestic regulatory and methodological documents, scientific publications on the measurement and evaluation of the effects of EMF of mobile phones. Conducting pilot instrumental measurements during the operation of smartphones in the real mode of using the subscriber terminal.

Results. There are presented results of the study of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of smartphones. The study of methodological approaches to measuring and evaluating the smartphone EMF in foreign and domestic regulatory and methodological documents, publications on the issue under consideration in scientific peer-reviewed journals. There have been performed pilot instrumental measurements of energy flux density (EFD) levels of EMF when different smartphone models are working indoors in dial mode.

Limitations. The measurement of EMF levels by the broadband measuring instrument PZ-42 limited the possibilities of a detailed assessment of EMF.

Conclusion. A detailed study of the EMF parameters created by smartphones in a wide range of frequencies and under various operating modes (data reception/transmission using the Internet, Wi-Fi connections, operation in router mode, etc.) is required. It is necessary to develop and manufacture domestic selective devices — EMF meters of the radio frequency range, including in the near zone radiation.

Compliance with ethical standards: the study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.

Contribution:
Nikitina V.N. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Kalinina N.I. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material, editing;
Lyashko G.G. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material, editing;
Dubrovskaya E.N. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material, editing;
Plekhanov V.P. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. Climate change is the greatest global public health threat facing the world in the 21^st century, but it is also the greatest opportunity to redefine the determinants of health. On the territory of Russia, climatic conditions change about 2.5 times more intensively than on average on the planet, average annual temperatures are rising in all physical and geographical regions and federal districts. In this regard, the study of the influence of climatic factors on the health of the population is of increasing interest for both science and practice.

The purpose of the study is to conduct a sociological assessment of the influence of climatic factors on well-being among the population of St. Petersburg.

Material and methods. A random sample of adults conducted a personal formalized survey of four hundred forty three 17 to 55 years people regarding the influence of climatic factors on their well-being. A specially designed questionnaire was used for the sociological research. Methods of statistical processing, scientific hypothetical-deductive cognition, general logical methods and techniques of research are applied including analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction.

Results. 443 people took part in the study, of which: young people (from 17 to 30 years old), who made up 76% (341 people), the average age (from 30 to 55 years) was 34% (102 people), average age of respondents was 26.15 years. Assessment of the significance of the influence of climatic factors on well-being showed that in 74.2% of cases, all respondents note a strong influence and correlate complaints and responses from health with the presence of a climatic factor, there is no statistically significant age difference (p=0.245). 94.0% of women were more sensitive to changes in natural and climatic factors compared to 44.3% of men (p<0.001). The number of respondents using weather forecast data in everyday life was 76.2%, there is no statistically significant age difference (p=0.667), women use the weather forecast more often – 85.0% when compared to men – 63.0% (p<0.001). The respondents, as a rule, received information about the weather from open sources on the Internet via mobile devices, less often through radio and television. At the same time, the alertness (fear) associated with climate change in the future was determined in only 12.4% of respondents (there is no significant difference in gender p=0.075 and age p=0.821).

Limitations. The conducted assessment of the impact of climatic factors on the well-being of the population by means of a questionnaire indicates the relevance of the work carried out and shows the need to expand the study to the population of territories of other climatic zones, including groups older than 55 years.

Conclusion. A sociological study, along with a quantitative assessment, makes it possible to identify the main health complaints related to the impact of climatic factors and predict their impact on the health of the population. When analyzing the data obtained as a result of the survey, it was found that the most significant ranking places for the age group from 17 to 55 years by mentioning climatic factors were occupied by: 1) precipitation, 2) cloud cover, 3) change in the duration of the day, which are associated with the following health responses: 1) deterioration of general well-being, 2) violation of the psycho-emotional state, 3) headaches.

Compliance with ethical standards. Conducting a sociological survey on the basis of the North-West Public Health Research Center using a specially designed questionnaire, approved at a meeting of the local ethics committee, Protocol No. 2021/38.2 of 07.09.2021. All respondents who took part in this study confirmed their voluntary consent to participate in the study by making appropriate marks in the questionnaire. 

Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".

Contribution:
Noskov S.N. — development of the research concept, editing of the final version of the text;
Golovina E.G. — collecting material and processing data, writing the text of the article;
Stupishina E.G. — collecting material and processing data, writing the text of the article;
Mironenko O.V. — editing the final version of the article text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. Airfields and aerodrome territories are objects of hygienic and environmental expertise, since their functioning is accompanied by the impact of adverse factors on the population and the environment. In this regard, both at the design stage and during the operation of the airfield, a quantitative assessment of the risk to public health is necessary.

The aim of the study was to verify the establishment of the design boundaries of the seventh subzone of the aerodrome territory by noise and carcinogenic factors.

Materials and methods. The materials used in the work are design materials for the establishment of the aerodrome territory of the Voronezh civil aviation airfield ʺVoronezh (Chertovitskoye)ʺ and data from instrumental and laboratory control (noise factor, concentrations of carcinogens in atmospheric air) obtained by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region.

Results. At the border of the seventh subzone of the aerodrome territory, the highest values of the estimated risk index for the noise factor were found to be characteristic of the risk for the cardiovascular system (up to 0.013), at the same time, they do not exceed the low risk level (less than 0.05). The levels of the total individual carcinogenic risk at the border of the seventh subzone of the aerodrome territory of the airfield are in the range from 3.01 · 10^–8 to 3.56 · 10^–7; outside the seventh subzone at the border of the nearest residential development in the range from 3.26 · 10^–8 to 2.16 · 10^–7, which is classified as the value of the target risk for the conditions of populated places in Russia.

Limitations. The limitations of the study are related to the fact that the work uses design data obtained using currently existing and approved calculation methods for noise levels and concentrations of carcinogenic substances in the surface layer of atmospheric air in the aerodrome area, as well as a limited number of results of instrumental measurements of noise levels and laboratory monitoring of carcinogens in the air. At the same time, the regulatory and methodological framework for assessing the risk to public health caused by the impact of the studied factors, taking into account the receipt of new data on the impact of adverse environmental factors on human health, is constantly being revised and improved.

Conclusion. The noise impact factor is decisive in establishing the boundaries of the seventh subzone of the aerodrome territory. The design boundaries of the seventh subzone of the aerodrome territory of the ʺVoronezh (Chertovitskoye)ʺ civil aviation airfield for the carcinogenic factor and the aviation noise factor are confirmed by full-scale laboratory studies of the concentrations of carcinogens in the surface layer of air and instrumental measurements of aircraft noise levels and comply with current sanitary and hygienic and environmental requirements.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.

Contribution:
Chubirko M.I. — collection of material, development of the research idea, responsibility for the integrity and proportionality of all parts of the article;
Klepikov O.V. — analysis of design data and laboratory research data, generalized analysis of the material;
Kurolap S.A. — development and correction of the research design;
Kulnev V.V. — preparation of initial research materials, conclusions and conclusions, formation the text of the article;
Kizeev A.N. — analysis of literature data, the formation of the text of the article;
Nikanov A.N. — writing and editing the text;
Chashchin V.P. — formation of the article at the final stage.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. Modern parasitology is an area of ​​interdisciplinary research that uses the methods and approaches of various biological disciplines, such as genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, ecology, biology, medicine, veterinary medicine, climatology, using methods of landscape-geographical mapping, mathematical modeling to assess the parasitological situation and predict its dynamics. New problems associated with the parasitic aspects of global climate change, the introduction of new host species and parasites (pathogens), and anthropogenic transformation of natural ecosystems become topical. In this regard, the primary tasks for optimizing the socio-hygienic monitoring of the parasitic safety of the environment is the introduction of new methodological approaches for ranking territories — the risk according to the species composition and intensity of circulation of pathogens of parasitic diseases, the trend in changes in their range of pathogens and epidemiological properties in anthropogenically determined conditions.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methodology for choosing a territory for optimizing social and hygienic monitoring and substantiating proposals for the unification of hygienic standards for parasitological indicators of environmental safety.

Materials and methods. Experimental parasitological monitoring was carried out at the pilot site. 712 samples were studied using unified methods of parasitological research of biomaterial (MUK 4.2.3145-13 “Laboratory diagnostics of helminthiases and protozooses”) and environmental objects (MUK 4.2.2661-10 “Methods of sanitary and parasitological research”).

Results. Data were obtained on the high intensity of the circulation of pathogens of parasitic diseases in the environment — 25%. More than 15 types of pathogens of parasitic diseases have been systematized.

Limitations. The limitations of the study were associated with the lack of development of diagnostic tools for the genetic identification of parasitic pathogens within the same systematic group by PCR analysis.

Conclusion. Methodological disagreements in various normative documents to the composition of the “target indicators” of research are determined. The practical part of the work included the collection of material from people and animals, from environmental objects. A new approach to the hygienic standardization of parasitological indicators based on group systematization of the propagative stages of development of parasites with subsequent methodological determination of their taxonomic affiliation is substantiated.

Contribution:
Kuznetsova K.Yu. — research concept and design, writing of the text, editing;
Aslanova M.M. — collection and processing of material;
Kuznetsova M.A. — collection and processing of material;
Rudneva O.V. — writing of the text, editing;
Mania T.R. — collection and processing of material;
Zagainova A.V. — collection and processing of material.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgment. The study was conducted under a state contract on the topic: “Development of diagnostic kits for detecting pathogens of human parasitic diseases in clinical material and environmental objects by polymerase chain reaction” (code “Parasites-PCR”). The identification code of purchase: 201770777824677070100100210047219218 (Moscow, 2020).

Received: February 02, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. The occupation of firefighters refers to extreme activities. When performing professional tasks, firefighters are exposed to the combined effects of a complex of adverse factors, among which noise and vibration occupy an important place, while vibration significantly promotes the negative effect of noise. Noise is also one of the most common stress factors that characterize extreme conditions for firefighters. The results of experiments on animals, which are the simplest human biomodel, are of great importance in their study.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 86 outbred white male rats of 3 months of age, weighing 230–250 g. The rats were divided into 2 groups: the first group (43 rats) was exposed to a single exposure to noise and vibration, the second group (43 rats) was exposed to daily exposure for 14 days. The procedure for vibroacoustic exposure was performed daily for 4 hours at noise and vibration levels as close as possible to the loads encountered in real conditions when firefighters perform occupational tasks. Changes in the levels of the three main stress hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol) and behavioral characteristics of animals were assessed using the Open Field, Elevated Plus Maze, and Porsolt Test methods.

Limitations. The number of animals in the study groups should be at least 10 individuals, the spread in the initial body weight should not exceed 10%. The study was limited to the study of the main indicators of behavioral responses using 3 methods and 3 main stress hormones.

Results. The data obtained indicate the vibroacoustic effect on animals to cause a change in hormone levels and indicators of behavioral reactions, which is manifested by an increase in the level of anxiety, a decrease in motor and exploratory activity, and the development of depressive-like states. In the group of a single vibroacoustic exposure, these indicators are restored to the background values in a day, while in the group of multiple vibroacoustic exposure, they remain changed.

Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to study the long-term effects of vibration and noise on the body of firefighters.

Compliance with ethical standards. The Local ethics committee of the North-West Public Health Research Center of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing approved this study carried out under the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS Nо. 123), Directive of the European Parliament and Council of the European Union 2010/63/EU of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Contribution:
Kriyt V.E. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text;
Sladkova Yu.N. — collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Reinyuk V.L. — editing;
Pyatibrat A.O. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 4, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. The cardiovascular system reacts to almost all occupational hazards. Various methods for diagnostics, in particular ultrasound, may help to identify preclinical forms of the disease.

The study aims to development of criteria for early diagnosis of occupational diseases of the vessels of the upper extremities in machine-building workers.

Materials and methods. One hundred twenty-six workers of a machine-building plant were examined using standard clinical and laboratory methods, ultrasound examination of the vessels of the upper extremities and X-ray examination of the hands.

Results. Laboring job, hand-arm and whole-body vibration, and noise with an average work experience of 21 years are risk factors for spastic changes in the vessels of the upper extremities in workers of machine-building production. X-ray changes in the hands are determined in 83% of cases and manifest themselves as a violation of local blood circulation, cystic restructuring in the bones of the wrists, and peri-articular osteopenia. Characteristic signs of vascular pathology detected by ultrasound are an increase in the resistance index with the preservation of speed indices (in 100%), impaired venous outflow (in 82%), and pathological tortuosity of blood vessels (in 76%).

Limitations. We did not standardize workers depending on tobacco smoking due to the low number of workers in certain occupations.

Conclusion. The results of ultrasound examination of the main vessels of the upper extremities in power engineering workers showed the presence of spastic vascular changes, which, with further exposure to occupational hazards, develop into angiodystonic syndrome, which is one of the syndromes of effects of vibration or polyneuropathy.

Compliance with ethical standards: the Local ethics committee of North-West Public Health Research Center approved this study (minutes of the meeting No. 23.1 from 28.10.2020).

Contribution:
Ulanovskaya E.V. — concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, text writing;
Shilov V.V. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Kovshov A.A. — statistical processing, editing;
Kuprina N.I. — data collection;
Nikanov A.N. — editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. The work specifics of Russian private security officers contribute to the employees’ psychological risks development. There are not enough scientific studies devoted to the study of private security officers’ functional states and professional deformations as criteria for their psychological risks.

Materials and methods. The study involved 74 private security officers. The study purpose was to evaluate and describe the functional states and professional deformations, and their relationship as criteria for psychological risks of Russian private security officers. To solve the tasks set, the author’s questionnaire was used to study the professional deformation types of law enforcement officers and instrumental psychophysiological testing methods of the employees’ functional state and operator performance. Statistical methods are multivariate analysis of variance, contingency tables using Pearson’s χ² tests.

Results. Against the background of sufficient internal resources, employees of private security have a reduced functional state level when working on night shifts, as well as on weekends. The employees are characterized by an optimal operator performance level in day and night shifts, due to the volitional regulation of their state. The prevailing professional deformation types for employees are overcontrol, conservatism and authoritarianism, which are expressed at an average level. A statistically significant relationship was established between the professional deformation of conservatism and the functional state level of private security officers.

Limitations. The present study limitations are the relatively small sample size and the lack of comparison with units in other regions. Prospective studies on larger samples collected in other units and regions could help us explore this topic in more depth.

Conclusion. The results and conclusions obtained make it possible to expand the options for assessing psychological risks of private security officers and develop practical recommendations for their reduction.

Compliance with ethical standards. The research program and methods were reviewed by the ethics committee of the Higher School of Psychology, Pedagogy and Physical Education of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University and recommended for use (protocol No. 1, 2020).

Contribution:
Korneeva Ya.A. — research concept and design, text writing, text writing; literature data collection, statistical processing, editing;
Korneeva A.V. — collection of material and data processing, writing the text, literature data collection;
Shakhova L.I. — collection of material and data processing, literature data collection; writing and editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgment. The study was carried out with the financial support of the project FSRU-2020-006 as part of the state assignment for conducting fundamental scientific research on the topic “Assessment of psychological risks in the professional activities of specialists in extreme profiles”, 2020–2022.

Received: March 3, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Modern studies point to extremely low indicators of the teachers’ physical and mental health as an occupational group. Literature data shows that teachers of general educational organizations can be classified as workers who are subject not only to occupational stress, but also to the influence of factors of the labour process that do not meet hygienic standards. According to the severity of the labour process, due to being in a standing position up to 80% of the lesson time, their work belongs to the harmful class 1 degree (class 3.1), in terms of tension, due to intellectual, emotional, and sensory loads — to harmful working conditions 1–2 degree (class 3.1.–3.2). Analyses of teachers’ health showed that out of 40% of employees has had pathology required outpatient examination and treatment during initial examination, and almost 50% of the examined teachers needed dispensary observation. Diseases of the eye and adnexa (43.6%), diseases of the respiratory system (36%), diseases of the digestive system (31.1%) are leading in the structure of morbidity. According to medical documentation, the most often detected morbidities are diseases of the cardiovascular system (35.6%), diseases of the digestive system (15.9%), and diseases of the genitourinary system (11.8%). An increase in the number of diseases with age and length of service was noted. In addition, with an increase in teaching experience, there is a gain in maladjustment processes and psychopathological states of a neurotic or psychopathic nature. Information was collected using the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, RSCI, Cyberleninka. 

Contributions:
Pankov V.A. — concept and design of the study, design and editing the article, responsibility for the integrity of the article;
Katamanova E.V. — writing text, designing and editing the article, responsibility for the integrity of the article;
Slivnitsyna N.V. — the concept and design of the study, the design and editing of the article;
Beigel E.A. — the concept and design of the study, the design and editing of the article;
Pavlov A.D. — study of literature data, design of the article;
Vinokurova A.S. — analysis of literature, writing the text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: June 29, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. The extraction of minerals is associated with a permanent or periodic stay of workers at open production sites. However, there is an underestimation of the impact of working meteorological factors on the health both in the system of regulation and control over working conditions.

The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate approaches to the development of preventive measures to minimize the risk of health disorders and inform about the risk when working in an open area during the cold season.

Materials and methods. The study included employees of the oil-producing enterprise of Western Siberia Samotlorneftegaz, performing labour operations in open areas during the cold season (operators, machinists, repairmen). The study included three stages: a priori risk assessment, a posteriori risk assessment, and an assessment of the individual characteristics of employees. The a priori risk assessment based on production control data and a special assessment of working conditions for the period from 2014 to 2018. A posteriori risk assessment based on data from periodic medical examinations. Personal characteristics based on the results of a questionnaire, in natural and model tests.

Results. A quantitative assessment of a priori and a posteriori risk made it possible to identify groups of workers with a significant risk of developing occupational and general pathology, as well as to prioritize preventive measures aimed at preventing the harmful effects of working environment factors and the labour process on the health of an employee. The assessment of local and general violations of thermoregulation in workers performing labour operations in open areas during the cold season made it possible to establish individual risk factors: prolonged work in open areas (more than 60% of working time), the presence of chronic pathology, smoking habit and work experience.

Limitations. As part of this study, the assessment of the health status of workers based on data from periodic medical examinations. At the same time, the study does not include the results of medical examinations at the place of residence of workers, which can expand data on the health status of workers and be the subject of further research. Further research on the stated topic may be associated with the need to assess an additional list of individual characteristics when working in an open area during the cold season, taking into account genetic and biochemical markers.

Conclusion. The results obtained made it possible to substantiate a set of measures to minimize the risk of health disorders at the level of primary prevention, as well as to propose measures at the level of secondary prevention.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study with the participation of volunteers was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov (Protocol of November 22, 2017, No.12).

Contribution:
Meltser A.V. — concept and research design, choice of analytical methods, data collection and processing, writing the text, editing, approval of the final version of the article;
Polyakova E.M. — literature review, data collection and processing, database creation, analysis of the results obtained, statistical analysis, writing the text of the article;
Yakubova I.Sh. — literary review, choice of analytical methods, processing and analysis of the obtained data, statistical analysis, writing the text, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Erastova N.V. — literary review, editing;
Kropot A.I. — literary review, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: May17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. In the statistics of health disorders of the working population, the indicator of occupationally caused diseases dominates. An assessment of the risk of various chronic diseases depending on lifestyle (LS), environmental situation, hereditary factors and quality of medical care is given. There is a need for a more detailed study of the risks associated with lifestyle characteristics during off-hours.

Objective: using the criterion of health risk, to assess the social, economic and behavioral characteristics of the lifestyle of employees.

Materials and methods. One thousand four hundred and sixty eight employees were examined. 5 criteria for assessing the risk of health disorders were used: the risks of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), deterioration of health and long-term diseases throughout the year; the risks of hypertension and respiratory diseases. With the help of a questionnaire on a four-point scale, 10 lifestyle characteristics were evaluated outside of working hours. The degree and frequency of normal fatigue at work and workload were assessed − the physiological norm of hours per week.

Results. For all risk criteria, mental stress (worries, troubles, anxieties, conflicts), is the most significant with contribution to the risks 5–11%. The socio-economic characteristics of the LS increase the risks of CFS, annual deterioration of health and long-term diseases by 7–10%. Lack of sleep increases the risk of CFS by 8%. A decrease in free off-duty time significantly affects the increase in the risk of CFS and hypertension (6.1% and 4.1%). The increase in the intensity of smoking increases all the risks of health disorders (respiratory diseases by 6.7%). The dependence of the LS on the workload and production fatigue has been established.

Limitations. The study is limited to taking into account 10 lifestyle characteristics and 5 criteria for assessing the risk of workers’ health disorders. The disadvantages of this study include the lack of consideration of the lifestyle factor — alcohol consumption. Further studies are supposed to take into account the influence of this behavioral factor.

Conclusions. The risks of various health disorders due to lifestyle characteristics have been established. The greater the workload, starting from 43 standard hours per week, the more unhealthy are most lifestyle characteristics, which in turn increase the degree and frequency of fatigue from working conditions and occupational workload.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved at the meeting of the Medical Expert Commission No. 2021/30.4 dated March 16, 2021.

Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".

Contribution:
Sorokin G.A. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text;
Chistyakov N.D. — collection and processing of material;
Kiryanova M.N. — collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Bulavina I.D. — editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.  

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. Monitoring and control of priority chemicals presented in the emissions in cities of Lipetsk, Omsk, Cherepovets, Novokuznetsk, participating in «The Clean Air» Federal project, require frequent sampling of air samples, their transportation and storage prior to analysis. Since most samples are not analyzed immediately after sampling, correct quantitative results can only be obtained if there is verified data on the long-term stability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected on sorption tubes.

The purpose of this work is to obtain up-to-date, experimentally substantiated data on the stability of various VOCs during storage of exposed sorption tubes in laboratory conditions.

Materials and methods. Several groups of VOCs have been selected as the most common air pollutants. VOC stability tests during storage up to 5 months were carried out on model samples using sorption tubes filled with Tenax TA sorbent. The VOC content was determined by thermal desorption (TD) and gas chromatographic analysis using mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS).

Results. When stored under laboratory conditions at a temperature of (20 ± 5)°C and humidity in the range of 33–65% in hermetically sealed containers or a glass desiccator, there was shown the stability of 28 VOCs, taken on tubes filled with Tenax TA sorbent: trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene, benzene, o-xylene, the sum of isomers of m-xylene and p-xylene, ethylbenzene, n-octane, toluene, n-butanol, n-heptane, 1,2-dichloroethane, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, chlorobenzene, isopropylbenzene, α-pinene, n-propylbenzene, α-methylstyrene, 2-butoxyethanol, styrene up to 5 months; for 5 VOCs: phenol, pentanal (valeric aldehyde), hexanal (caproic aldehyde), n-nonane and n-decane — no more than 4 weeks.

Limitations. The stability of the investigated VOCs was not studied at low (less than 15 °С) and high (more than 25 °С) temperatures, as well as high humidity (more than 65 %).

Conclusion. The results obtained allow planning the frequency and period of air sampling and the time of their storage in the form of exposed tubes before transfer to the laboratory, as well as the time of preparation and storage, taking into account the throughput of the equipment during their analysis in the laboratory.

Compliance with ethical standards: no provision of the conclusion of the Biomedical Ethics Committee or other documents is required.

Contribution:
Kuzmin S.V. — research concept;
Fedorova N.E. — collection and processing of material, writing an article, editing;
Dobreva N.I. — collection and processing of material, writing text;
Gordiyuk A.V. — collection and processing of material.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments. The study was supported by the State Assignment Reg. No. 121090200132-7, subject “Evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of measures to manage risks to public health, reduce morbidity and mortality, create a comfortable and favorable urban environment in the cities participating in the Federal Clean Air Project (Lipetsk, Omsk, Cherepovets, Novokuznetsk).

Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

Introduction. According to WHO data, over the past five years in the Russian Federation, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in the level of alcohol consumption from 10.99 liters in 2012 to 13.9 liters in 2019 per capita. The leaders in vodka consumption in Russia are the Sakhalin and Magadan regions, the Republics of Komi, Karelia and Chukotka.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation on the level of socio-economic development of regions for the period from 2015 to 2019 was carried out for the country as a whole and in particular the North Western Federal District (NWFD), as well as data on the level of alcohol abuse of the adult working-age population for the specified period in the country as a whole. The above mentioned indicators for the Novgorod and Pskov regions are presented in more detail.

Results. Practically in all regions of the NWFD there is a natural population decline. The most favourable situation is observed in the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions. The Komi Republic, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Novgorod and Pskov regions are in the lead. The most unfavourable socio-economic conditions for living have developed in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Karelia, Komi, Novgorod and Pskov regions. The leaders in the incidence of alcoholism among the adult population in the NWFD were the Novgorod Region, the Nenets Autonomous Region, the Pskov and Arkhangelsk Regions and the Komi Republic. Almost all regions of the Far North are in the top five in terms of alcohol abuse by the adult working-age population, which indicates a very difficult situation with alcoholism among the population living in the Arctic region.

Limitations. Sufficient information volume of data units of data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation was analyzed.

Conclusion. The results of the work carried out will make it possible to draw the attention of regional authorities to the problem of socio-economic troubles in the territory entrusted to them and to direct administrative and other resources in a more targeted and purposeful manner to provide assistance to the population.

Contribution:
Glushkova A.V. — analysis of the obtained data, writing the text of the manuscript;
Karelin A.O. — development of study design, curation of data, formal analysis, methodology;
Yeremin G.B. — conceptualization, supervision, verification.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: May17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022

20 августа 2022 года на 96-м году жизни скоропостижно скончался заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, действительный член Нью-Йоркской академии наук доктор медицинских наук, профессор Кацнельсон Борис Александрович.