The response of the organism of adolescents to the inhalation chemical load and infestation with Giardia

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Abstract

Introduction. The anthropogenic load affects the human body, creating the prerequisites for the development of adaptation or maladaptation processes, in which the immune system plays a major role. Giardia infection also affects the immune system. 

The aim of the study was to assess the levels of cytokines and immunoglobulin A in adolescents with giardiasis living in conditions of the different inhalation chemical load 

Material and Methods. 319 adolescents were included in the study. The individual inhalation chemical load on the adolescents was calculated taking into account data on the content of impurities in the atmospheric air, indoor air, personalized data of schoolchildren. Three groups were selected in accordance with the individual values of the hazard index of the immunity disorders in students. Cases with and without Giardia infection were identified in each group. The content of antibodies to lamblia, interleukins-2 and -10, interferons-alpha and-gamma, immunoglobulin A in schoolchildren was studied by the method of enzyme immunoassay.

Results. The chronic inhalation chemical load with immunotropic substances have been established to cause a decrease in the levels of INF-α, INF-γ, and IgA. Giardia was found to induce the increase in the levels of IgA, IL-2, INF-α, and INF-γ, at hazard indices of the development of pathology of the immune system less than 2.

Discussion. Giardia invasion causes an increase in INF-α, INF-γ, IL-2, IgA levels, which indicates the activation of the immune protection when hazard indices of a danger of impaired immunity were less of 2. Differences in cytokine levels in adolescents with and without giardiasis are leveled when hazard indices were more than 3, which is probably the result of changes in the immune system due to a high level of the chemical stress.

Conclusion. The presence of parasitic infestation and chemical air pollution have a synergistic inhibitory effect on the immune system, namely, they reduce IL-10, Ig A, INF-α, and INF-γ levels, with the higher inhalation load by substances tropic to the immune system.

About the authors

Liudmila B. Masnavieva

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Author for correspondence.
Email: Masnavieva_Luda@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1400-6345

Ph.D., senior researcher of the Laboratory of immunological, biochemical, molecular and genetic researches in the Hygiene of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation.

e-mail:  Masnavieva_Luda@mail.ru

Russian Federation

I. V. Kudaeva

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5608-0818
Russian Federation

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