Age features of the excretion of carbonilic compounds with urine in children in unexposed territory

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Introduction. Carbonyl compounds (CC) are pollutants affecting the population and occupying an exceptional position in various fields of human activity. A significant source of CC is tobacco smoke.

Material and methods. Urine samples of 278 children were analyzed by the method of gas chromatography. Additionally, there were studied dependencies of the content of the CC on the harmful chemical effects in living conditions: active and passive smoking. The assessment of the effect of smoking on formaldehyde emissions (FD) was carried out using the chi-square test for a 3x3 table.

Results. The results obtained on the content of CC in the urine in several age groups. FD concentrations, in general, were shown to be in the range from 1.2 to 207.1 μg/dm3. The highest values were observed in the children’s population of the age group up to 7 years and in the group of 15-17 years. For representatives of the 1st (up to 7 years) and 3rd (15–17 years) age groups, the concentrations of acetaldehyde and acetone were in the range: for acetaldehyde - from 4.0 to 179.7 µg/dm3, acetone - from 0.35 to 11.95 µg/dm3. A statistically significant direct relationship was found between active smoking and FD content in urine (rsp = 0.24, p = 0.033); the reverse is with acetone content (rsp = 0.23, p = 0.042), and the inverse correlation between acetaldehyde content and passive smoking (rsp = 0.23, p = 0.038).

Conclusion. The highest content of formaldehyde in the urine was found in groups “up to 7 years old” and “15–17 years old”. No age and gender differences in acetaldehyde and acetone concentrations were found.

About the authors

Olga M. Zhurba

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Author for correspondence.
Email: zhurba99@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9961-6408

MD, Ph.D., head of the laboratory of analytical ecotoxicology and biomonitoring of the East-Siberian Institution of Medical and Ecological Research, Angarsk, 665827, Russian Federation.

e-mail: zhurba99@gmail.com

Russian Federation

N. V. Efimova

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7218-2147
Russian Federation

A. N. Alekseenko

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4980-5304
Russian Federation

A. V. Merinov

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7848-6432
Russian Federation

References

  1. Malysheva A.G., Kozlova N.Yu., Yudin S.M. The unaccounted hazard of processes of substances transformation in the environment in the assessment of the effectiveness of the application of technologies. Gigiyena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 2018; 6: 490–7. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-6-490-497 (in Russian)
  2. Malysheva A.G., Rakhmanin Yu.A. Physico-chemical studies and methods for the control of substances in environmental hygiene [Fiziko-khimicheskie issledovaniya i metody kontrolya veshchestv v gigiene okruzhayushchey sredy]. Saint Petersburg: Professional; 2014. 716 p. (in Russian)
  3. IARC Мonographs on the Еvaluation of Сarcinogenic Risks to Нumans: Volume 100F A review of human carcinogens; 2012 Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol100F/mono100F-29.pdf
  4. Costa S., Carvalho S., Costa C., Coelho P., Silva S., Santos L.S. еt al. Increased levels of chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage in a group of workers exposed to formaldehyde. Mutagenesis. 2015; 30 (4): 463–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gev002
  5. Pierce J.S., Abelmann A., Lotter J.T., Ruestow P.S., Unice K.M., Beckett E.M. еt al. An assessment of formaldehyde emissions from laminate flooring manufactured in China. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2016; 81: 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.06.022
  6. Hosgood H.D., Zhang L., Tang X., Vermeulen R., Hao Z., Shen M. еt al. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and alterations in lymphocyte subsets. Am J Ind Med. 2013; 56 (2): 252–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22088
  7. Malysheva A.G., Rakhmanin Yu.A., Rastyannikov E.G., Kozlova N.Yu. Chemical-analytical aspects of the complex impact of the environmental factors on the population’s health. Gigiyena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 2015; 7: 5–10. (in Russian)
  8. Rakhmanin Yu.A., Malysheva A.G. The concept of the development of the state of chemical-analytical environmental monitoring. Gigiyena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 2013; 6: 4–9. (in Russian)
  9. Nielsen G.D., Larsen S.T., Wolkoff P.N. Re-evaluation of the WHO (2010) formaldehyde indoor air quality guideline for cancer risk assessment. Arch Toxicol. 2017; 91 (1): 35–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-016-1733-8
  10. Kaletina N.I., ed. Toxicological chemistry. Metabolism and Toxicant Analysis: Tutorial [Toksikologicheskaya khimiya. Metabolizm i analiz toksikantov: uchebnoe posobie]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2008. 1016 p. (in Russian)
  11. Tan T., Zhang Y., Luo W., Lv J., Han C., Hamlin J.N.R. et al. Formaldehyde induces diabetes-associated cognitive impairments. FASEB J. 2018; 32 (7): 3669–79. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201701239R
  12. Rager J.E., Moeller B.C., Doyle-Eisele M., Kracko D., Swenberg J.A., Fry R.C. Formaldehyde and epigenetic alterations: microRNA changes in the nasal epithelium of nonhuman primates. Environ Health Perspect. 2013; 121 (3): 339–44. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205582
  13. Michel O. For expert evaluation of a possible connection: formaldehyde and nasopharyngeal cancer. HNO. 2016; 64 (2): 122–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-015-0097-3
  14. Hara H., Naito M., Harada T., Tsuboi I., Terui T., Aizawa S. Quantitative analysis of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in paraffin-embedded specimens of malignant melanomas and other melanocytic lesions. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016; 96 (3): 309–13. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2238
  15. Rukavishnikov V.S., Efimova N.V., Mylnikova I.V., Zhurba O.M. Assessment of the impact of admissible concentrations of formaldehyde on the functional state of the central nervous system in adolescents. Gigiyena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 2017; 5: 474–8. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-5-474-478 (in Russian)
  16. Efimova N.V., Myl’nikova I.V. Health risk assessment for adolescents depending on environmental factors and lifestyle. Kazanskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2016; 5: 771–7. https://doi.org/10.17750/KMJ2016-771 (in Russian)
  17. Tong Z., Han C., Qiang M., Wang W., Lv J., Zhang S. et al. Age-related formaldehyde interferes with DNA methyltransferase function, causing memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2015; 36 (1): 100–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.018
  18. Lu J., Miao J., Su T., Liu Y., He R. Formaldehyde induces hyperphosphorylation and polymerization of Tau protein both in vitro and in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013; 1830 (8): 4102–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.028
  19. Teng S., Beard K., Pourahmad J., Moridani M., Easson E., Poon R. et al. The formaldehyde metabolic detoxification enzyme systems and molecular cytotoxic mechanism in isolated rat hepatocytes. Chem-Biol Interact. 2001; 130–132 (1–3): 285–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2797(00)00272-6
  20. Tong Z., Zhang J., Luo W., Wang W., Li F., Li H. et al. Urine formaldehyde level is inversely correlated to mini mental state examination scores in senile dementia. Neurobiol Aging. 2011; 32 (1): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.07.013
  21. Tong Z., Wang W., Luo W., Lv J., Li H., Luo H. et al. Urine formaldehyde predicts cognitive Impairment in Post-Stroke Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017; 55 (3): 1031–8. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160357
  22. Aizenshtadt A.A., Burova E.B., Zenin V.V., Bobkov D.E., Kropacheva I.V., Pinaev G.P. Effect of formaldehyde in low concentrations on the roliferation and organization of the cytoskeleton of cultured cells. Tsitologiya. 2011; 53 (12): 978–85. (in Russian)
  23. He R. Formaldehyde and Cognition. Netherlands: Springer; 2017. 323 p.
  24. Mundt K.A., Gallagher A.E., Dell L.D., Natelson E.A., Boffetta P., Gentry P.R. Does occupational exposure to formaldehyde cause hematotoxicity and leukemia-specific chromosome changes in cultured myeloid progenitor cells? Crit Rev Toxicol. 2017; 47 (7): 592–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2017.1301878
  25. Taranenko N.A., Efimova N.V. Biomonitoring of formaldehyde in the urinary samples from the pediatric population in the Irkutsk Region. Gigiyena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 2007; 4: 73–5. (in Russian)
  26. Alekseenko А.N., Zhurba O.M. Application of mathematical planning of the experiment in the choosing the optimum conditions of the vapor-phase gas-chromatographic determination of formaldehyde in the urine. Gigiyena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 2018; 10: 985–9. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-10-985-989 (in Russian)
  27. Efimova N.V., Lisetskaya L.G., Zhurba O.M., Taranenko N.A., Boeva A.V., Dyakovich O.A. et al. Regional reference levels of chemicals in the biosubstrates of the population of the Irkutsk region [Regional’nye referensnye urovni soderzhaniya khimicheskikh veshchestv v biosubstratakh naseleniya irkutskoy oblasti. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii]. Angarsk: Irkutskiy institut povysheniya kvalifikatsii rabotnikov obrazovaniya; 2013. 28 p. (in Russian)
  28. Szumska M., Damasiewicz-Bodzek A., Tyrpień-Golder K. Environmental tobacco smoke-assessment of formaldehyde concentration in urine samples of exposed medicine students. Przeglad Lekarski. 2015; 72 (3): 140–3.
  29. Lestari K.S., Humairo M.V., Agustina U. Formaldehyde vapor concentration in electronic cigarettes and health complaints of electronic cigarettes smokers in Indonesia. J Environ Public Health. 2018: 6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9013430
  30. Uchiyama S., Ohta K., Inaba Y., Kunugita N. Determination of carbonyl compounds generated from the E-cigarette using coupled silica cartridges impregnated with hydroquinone and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Sci. 2013; 29 (12): 1219–22. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.29.1219
  31. Bunnell R.E., Agaku I.T., Arrazola R.A., Apelberg B.J., Caraballo R.S., Corey C.G. et al. Intentions to smoke cigarettes among never-smoking US middle and high school electronic cigarette users: National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2011-2013. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015; 17 (2): 228–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu166
  32. Kuntz B., Lampert T. Smoking and passive smoke exposure among adolescents in Germany. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2016; 113 (3): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2016.0023
  33. Gazizullina P.G. Behavioral determinants of adolescent health in Russia. Narodonaselenie. 2018; 21 (1): 122–35. https://doi.org/10.26653/1561-7785-2018-21-1-10 (in Russian)
  34. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: international report from the 2013/2014 survey. Available at: http://www.euro.who.int/ru
  35. Tikhonova I.V., Efimova N.V. Prevalence of the chronic respiratory tract pathology in teenagers: role of some factors. Gigiyena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal]. 2012; 6: 51–3. (in Russian)
  36. Masnavieva L.B., Kudaeva I.V., Efimova N.V., Zhurba O.M. Individual exposure load of formaldehyde and adolescents’ organism sensibilization. Ekologiya cheloveka [Human Ecology]. 2017; 6: 3–8. (in Russian)
  37. Chinellato I., Piazza M., Sandri M., Paiola G., Tezza G., Boner A.L. Correlation between vitamin D serum levels and passive smoking exposure in children with asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2018; 39 (3): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2018.39.4124
  38. Vanker A., Nduru P.M., Barnett W., Dube F.S., Sly P.D., Gie R.P. et al. Indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke exposure: impact on nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in mothers and infants in an African birth cohort study. ERJ Open Res. 2019; 5 (1): 12. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00052-2018

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2024 Zhurba O.M., Efimova N.V., Alekseenko A.N., Merinov A.V.


СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 37884 от 02.10.2009.