Effects of wildfire emission on the morphofunctional state of the central nervous system in white rats

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Introduction. The study of the mechanisms of action of combustion products released during natural fires on the body and the development of appropriate preventive measures is an actual hygienic problem at the present stage.

Material and methods. Experimental modeling of landscape fire was carried out for 7 days, 4 hours per day. Forest fuel, which is a living ground cover and plant residues, was used as a combustible substrate. The concentration of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, furfural, and acetaldehyde was determined in the exposure chamber, the general qualitative composition of air and the target qualitative analysis for volatile aldehydes and ketones were carried out. After exposure rat behavior was observed through an open field test and Morris water maze, histological studies of brain tissue were done.

Results. During the experiment changes in the structure of the behavior of white rats exposed to smoke were established to be characterized by a decrease in motor and exploratory activity, and an increase in the level of anxiety in females was also observed. When testing in the water maze of Morris revealed violations of spatial memory and the ability to navigational learning. Histological examination of the cerebral cortex in animals of the experimental groups revealed multiple foci of neuronophagy, expansion of perivascular spaces, and the development of glial cell replacement hyperplasia was noted.

Conclusion. The results indicate the presence of a neurotoxic effect of combustion products, characterized by a decrease in the motor activity of animals, increased anxiety and impaired memory processes, as well as morphological changes in the brain tissue of white rats. However, in order to reveal the role of the impact of a complex of substances released during forest fires, their contribution to morphological and functional disorders, furthermore in-depth studies are required.

作者简介

Vera Vokina

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: vokina.vera@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8165-8052

MD, Ph.D., researcher of bio-modeling and translational research laboratory of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 665827, Angarsk, Russian Federation.

e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com

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M. Novikov

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6100-6292
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T. Elfimova

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0922-7880
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E. Bogomolova

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3709-8676
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A. Alekseenko

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4980-5304
俄罗斯联邦

L. Sosedova

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1052-4601
俄罗斯联邦

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