The content of some contaminants in vegetables grown on school grounds

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Introduction. Despite the fact that the state of school meals is monitored by the administration of educational institutions, authorities of Federal Service on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare Supervision, it is almost impossible to cover all safety measures with research on safety performance. As part of the study of the quality and safety of food products used in the diet of schoolchildren, there was carried out an analysis of vegetables grown in school grounds for the content of nitrates, pesticides, and macro- and microelements.

Material and methods. Sampling of beets, carrots, and potatoes was carried out during the autumn period at school grounds in rural areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Macro- and trace elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, pesticides (HCCH and DDT) were measured by gas chromatography, and nitrates were evaluated potentiometrically. Statistical data processing was performed using standard software, the results are expressed as medians or general average values with the corresponding standard deviations.

Results. Organochlorine pesticides (HCH and DDT), the use of which is currently prohibited, have not been identified in vegetable samples, the levels of metals and nitrates are very variable and depended on both the type of product and the place of growth. The concentration of nitrates in beets and carrots exceeds the maximum permissible levels in 62.5% of samples, in potatoes - in 18.8%.

Lead accumulation in vegetables has not been established, the maximum levels did not reach 0.2 MPU, the concentration of cadmium was higher than the permissible level in 6% of the samples analyzed. No elevated levels of iron, copper, zinc, aluminum, manganese were recorded; on the contrary, their lower concentrations were noted compared with the average Russian data.

Conclusion. In connection with the detection of elevated concentrations of nitrates, it is necessary to strengthen control over the safety of vegetables grown in school grounds and used in school canteens.

About the authors

Rustem A. Daukaev

Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology

Author for correspondence.
Email: ufa.lab@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0421-4802

MD, Ph.D., head of Department of Chemical analysis of Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation.

e-mail: ufa.lab@yandex.ru

Russian Federation

T. K. Larionova

Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9754-4685
Russian Federation

E. G. Stepanov

Office of the Federal Service on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare Supervision in the Republic of Bashkortostan; Ufa State Petroleum Technological University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1917-8998
Russian Federation

S. R. Afonkina

Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0445-9057
Russian Federation

A. S. Fazlieva

Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0037-6791
Russian Federation

E. N. Usmanova

Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5455-6472
Russian Federation

G. R. Allayarova

Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0838-3598
Russian Federation

G. F. Adieva

Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2377-3471
Russian Federation

E. E. Zelenkovskaya

Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7682-2703
Russian Federation

References

  1. Setko A.G., Kuznecova E.I., Fateeva T.A., Setko I.M. The peculiarities of contamination of food-stuffs consumed by childs population in the industrial town. Zdorov’e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya [Public Health and Life Environment]. 2011; 9 (222): 21–5. (in Russian)
  2. Agbalyan E.V. The content of heavy metals in foodstuffs and a health risk to the North Yamal population. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal]. 2012; 1: 14–6. (in Russian)
  3. Lyashenko O.V., Il’in V.P., Savchenkov M.F. Food lead as a risk factor for children’s health. Voprosy detskoy dietologii. 2005: 3 (3): 13–5. (in Russian)
  4. Shur P.Z., Zajceva N.V., Hotimchenko S.A., Fedorenko E.V., Sychik S.I., Fokin V.A. et al. On the issue of establishing acceptable daily intake of chemical substancesin food products according to health risk criteria. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal]. 2019; 2 (98): 189–95. (in Russian)
  5. Martinchik A.N., Keshabyanc E.E., Kambarov A.O., Peskova E.V., Bryanceva S.A., Bazarova L.B. et al. Dietary intake of calcium in pre-school and school children in Russia: main food sources and eating occasions. Voprosy pitaniia. 2018; 2 (87): 24–33. (in Russian)
  6. Shavaliev R.F., Fajzullina R.A., Vil’danov I.H., Mal’cev S.V., Yarullina G.R., Leuhin R.V. et al. The state of health and adherence to healthy living of modern schoolchildren. Voprosy detskoy dietologii. 2018; 1 (16): 18–25. (in Russian)
  7. Fajzullina R.A. Nutrition of modern schoolchildren: the state of the problem, possible solutions. Prakticheskaya meditsina. 2005; 5 (14): 22–4. (in Russian)
  8. Kulikova N.V., Samolyuk N.G., Fedotov A.S., Krotenko N.M. Ration al balanced nutrition of school children of various age groups. Gigiena i sanitariya [Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal]. 2013; 2: 52–5. (in Russian)
  9. Novikova I.I., Kriga A.S., Bojko M.N., Erofeev Yu.V., German A.P. Organization of physiologically efficient meals of schoolchildren is meaningful factor of preservation and strengthening of health of the rising generation. Zdorov’e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya [Public Health and Life Environment]. 2010; 8 (209): 6–10. (in Russian)
  10. Gricinskaya V.L., Sendi S.S. Specificities of physical development and nutrition of schoolchildren of the Republic of Tuva. Voprosy detskoy dietologii. 2012; 4 (10): 6–8. (in Russian)
  11. Roman’kova A.A., Batluckaya I.V. The cadmium and lead content in the higher plants in Krasnensky district of the Belgorod region. Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2011; 3 (98): 68–75. (in Russian)
  12. Onishchenko G.G. Tasks and strategies of school nutrition in modern conditions. Voprosy pitaniia. 2009; 78 (1): 16–21. (in Russian)
  13. Zul’karnaeva A.T., Povargo E.A., Zul’karnaev T.R., Ovsyannikova L.B. Evalution of actual nutrition of school children in Ufa. Ratsional’noe pitanie, pishchevye dobavki i biostimulyatory. 2014; 2: 23–8. (in Russian)
  14. Serova Yu.M. Determination of residual quantities of chlororganic insecticides in the fruit and vegetable production by the method of gas-liquid chromatography. Plodovodstvo i vinogradarstvo Yuga Rossii. 2013; 2 (20): 104–09. (in Russian)
  15. Kenzheeva Zh.K., Dyuskalieva G.U., Velyamov M.T., Bajbekova T.K. Monitoring the chemical of pollution state permitted cultivars cabbage and carrots of growing on stages in the southern region of Kazakhstan. Uspekhi sovremennogo estestvoznaniya. 2017; 9-2: 162–6. (in Russian)
  16. Krohalyova S.I., Cherepanov P.V. The content of nitrates in vegetable foods and their impact on human health. Vestnik Priamurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. Sholom-Aleykhema. 2016; 3 (24): 27–36. (in Russian)
  17. Yudina E.V. The Role of Individual Soil Characteristics in Accumulation of Heavy Metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) Under Conditions of Urban Environment (on the Example of the City of Abakan). Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet im. V.I. Vernadskogo. 2018; 3 (69): 9–18. (in Russian)
  18. Cunina N.M., Ayupova L.V. Population health risk assessment from contamination of food products with contaminants (C.D. Samara, C.D. Togliatti). Analiz riska zdorov’yu [Health Risk Analysis]. 2014; 1: 57–64. (in Russian)
  19. Fetter V.V., Polyakov A.D. Comparative analysis of public health risk determined by chemical contamination of different types of food products. Analiz riska zdorov’yu [Health Risk Analysis]. 2014; 2: 55–67. (in Russian)
  20. Tulina L.M., Vyal’cina N.E., Makarova T.M., Plotnikova E.G., Neplohov A.A., Sadchikova G.V. Hygienic assessment of the contents chemical contaminants in food and the risk assessment of influence of food products on the health of the population of the Orenburg region. Analiz riska zdorov’yu [Health Risk Analysis]. 2014; 1: 49–56. (in Russian)
  21. Nekos A.N., Vysockaya E.V., Porvan A.P. Influence of social and economic (anthropogenic) factors on micronutrients contents of vegetables. Vestnik Pskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: estestvennyei fiziko-matematicheskie nauki. 2013; 2: 36–52. (in Russian)
  22. Shumakova G.E. Assesment of pollution sources of heavy metals for tomatoes grown at background and roadside environment in Priazovia. Nauchnyy zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII problem melioratsii. 2015; 3 (19): 94–112. (in Russian)
  23. Murav’ev E.I., Popok L.B., Popok E.V., Gukalov V.N. Sources of receipt and distribution of heavy metals in agricultural landscape. Ekologicheskiy vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza. 2008; 1 (4): 25–30. (in Russian)
  24. Vodyanickij Yu.N. Current tendencies in soil contamination with heavy metals. Agrokhimiya. 2013; 9: 88–96. (in Russian)
  25. Pobilat A.E., Voloshin E.I. Cadmium in soils and plants of central Siberia. Mikroelementy v medicine. 2017; 3 (18): 36–41. (in Russian)
  26. Daukaev R.A., Larionova T.K., Afon’kina S.R., Allayarova G.R., Adieva G.F, Pecherskaya V.L. et al. The study of pollution by heavy metals of vegetables grown up in the industrial area. Meditsina truda i ekologiya cheloveka [Occupational Health and Human Ecology]. 2018; 3: 22–8. (in Russian)
  27. Osipova N.A., Yazikov E.G., Yankovich E.P. Heavy metals in soil and vegetables as a risk factor for health of consumers. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya. 2013; 8: 681–6. (in Russian)
  28. Yanturin S.I., Proshkina O.B. Concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables, growing in different areas of industrial steel centre. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya. 2012; 9: 595–7. (in Russian)
  29. Teplaya G.A., Rybkin V.S., Polyanskaya N.V., Kalyatkina V.P. The heavy metal content in vegetable and melon cultures in the Astrakhan region. Estestvennye nauki. 2013; 1 (42): 59–65. (in Russian)
  30. Bagryanceva O.V., Shatrov G.N., Hotimchenko S.A., Bessonov V.V., Arnautov O.V. Aluminium: food-related health risk assessment of the consumers. Analiz riska zdorov’yu [Health Risk Analysis]. 2016; 1 (13): 59–68. (in Russian)
  31. Daniel Krewski, Robert A Yokel, Evert Nieboer [et al.] Human health risk assessment for aluminum, aluminum oxide, and aluminum hydroxide. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2007; 10 (1): 1–269.
  32. Statement of EFSA. On the Evaluation of a new study related to the bioavailability of aluminium in food. EFSA J. 2011; 9 (5): 2157–73.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2024 Daukaev R.A., Larionova T.K., Stepanov E.G., Afonkina S.R., Fazlieva A.S., Usmanova E.N., Allayarova G.R., Adieva G.F., Zelenkovskaya E.E.


СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 37884 от 02.10.2009.