Hygienic safety problems of baby bath toys
- Авторлар: Vasilyeva N.V.1, Bogomolova T.S.1, Khurtsilava O.G.1, Iakubova I.S.1, Alikbaeva L.A.1, Suvorova A.V.1, Raznatovskiy K.I.1, Bosak I.A.1
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Мекемелер:
- North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
- Шығарылым: Том 101, № 5 (2022)
- Беттер: 539-544
- Бөлім: HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
- ##submission.datePublished##: 07.06.2022
- URL: https://rjpbr.com/0016-9900/article/view/639276
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-5-539-544
- ID: 639276
Дәйексөз келтіру
Толық мәтін
Аннотация
Introduction. There is a potential risk of harm to kid health when using toys, in particular, there is a possibility of micro-fungi entering the oral cavity of a baby when using bath toys, which may be the cause of mycotic diseases. The study was initiated by the appeal of the Russian TV First Channel to the Institute of Medical Mycology named after P.N. Kashkin, where samples of used bath toys with a black scurf inside were transferred for research and evaluation of their safety.
The purpose: to evaluate the safety of the presented samples of baby bath toys after their intended use.
Materials and methods. The experimental group was represented by four baby toys for the bath, which were used for their intended purpose, and were operated for several months. As a control, 4 similar toys for the bath were used. The study of the inner surface of the toys of the experimental group was carried out using a Leica DM 4020 light microscope,and sowing scrapings on Sabouraud’s solid nutrient medium. Isolates were determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The inner surface of the toys was also studied by scanning electron microscopy. The fungus resistance of the samples was assessed according to GOST 9.049-91.
Results. The study of the inner surface of prototype toys for the bath established the well-developed and “young” biofilms in the black areas of the inner surface. Biconvex spores (2×3 μm) of fungal origin were identified. Inoculation of swabs from the inner surface revealed a massive growth of opportunistic fungi: yeast fungi Candida guilliermondii (Castell.) Langeron & Guerra and Rhodotorula spp. Studies on the fungus resistance of control samples of toys show that the material is not a nutrient medium for microfungi (neutral or fungistatic).
Limitations: a relatively small sample of samples, the use of expensive high-tech equipment, the difficulty of reproducibility of the result.
Conclusion. Colonization of the interior surface of toy specimens used in bathing kids with microscopic fungi and bacteria is indicative of a potential risk of harm to infants due to product design, period of use, and possibly materials used. In this regard, it is necessary to review the hygienic safety requirements for the design of bath toys and make appropriate additions to the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union “On the safety of toys” (TR CU 008/2011). Safety can be ensured by the requirement of tightness of the body of toys, as well as a significant reduction in the service life of such products.
Contribution:
Vasilyeva N.V. — study concept and design, editing;
Bogomolova T.S. — collection of samples and research;
Khurtsilava O.G. — editing;
Iakubova I.Sh. — writing text, editing;
Alikbaeva L.A. — study concept and design, writing text;
Suvorova A.V. — writing text;
Raznatovskiy K.I. — study concept and design;
Bosak I.A. — collection of samples and research.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: January 31, 2022 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: May 31, 2022
Негізгі сөздер
Авторлар туралы
Nataliya Vasilyeva
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3693-5468
Ресей
Tatiyana Bogomolova
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2450-687X
Ресей
Otari Khurtsilava
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1980-3623
Ресей
Irek Iakubova
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2437-1255
Ресей
Liliya Alikbaeva
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: alikbaeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2266-5041
MD, PhD, DSci., head. Department of General and Military Hygiene of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, 191015 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
e-mail: alikbaeva@mail.ru
РесейAnna Suvorova
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0990-8299
Ресей
Konstantin Raznatovskiy
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1022-7463
Ресей
Ilya Bosak
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0193-9103
Ресей
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