Effect of smoking on heavy metal content in biosubstrates in 25–60 years males

Introduction. Tobacco smoking can be designate as one of the most common world problems that negatively affects on the functional activity of the human body.

The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of influence of tobacco smoking on the content of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in biosubstrates of employees with different smoking experience in the absence of significant anthropogenic and man-made burden in the place of residence.

Materials and methods. This study is experimental. To investigate the state of health of the population, hair samples were taken from 25 to 60 years male smokers aged, working at the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ivanovo region, living in the same conditions. The study method included the use of inversion voltammetry to identify the relationship between smoking history and the level of accumulation of heavy metals in the human body. We used statistical analysis tools toward established the reliability of the results p<0.05. The data were compared with the established levels of the normal content of metals in the centile intervals of A.V. Skalny.

Results. We determined that, depending on duration of smoking, the level of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) in the biosubstrates of the studied sample significantly increases (p<0.05). The indicators significantly exceed the physiological norm, while the copper concentration decreases, but is within the reference values.

Limitations. The limitations of the study are limited to the possibilities of using the selected research methods and the presence of uncertainties in obtaining the characteristics of the objects of study.

Conclusion. Tobacco smoking have influence on the content of heavy metals in the human body and accumulates during life.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study complied with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Association “Ethical principles for conducting scientific medical research involving humans”.

Contribution:
Kazakova V.V. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing;
Eremeyshvili A.V. — the concept and design of the study, writing a text, editing, approval of the manuscript final version, responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The author declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: January 17, 2023 / Accepted: June 7, 2023 / Published: July 30, 2023