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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">707625</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr707625</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TWDOIQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The value of transcutaneous electroneurostimulation in reducing the effective volume of retinal laser photocoagulation in patients with diabetic retinopathy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Значение применения чрескожной электронейростимуляции в снижении объёма лазерной коагуляции сетчатки глаз у пациентов с диабетической ретинопатией</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>经皮电神经刺激在降低糖尿病视网膜病变患者视网膜激光光凝量中的应用价值</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6046-8607</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6095-2309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borzunov</surname><given-names>Oleg I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борзунов</surname><given-names>Олег Игоревич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Borzunov</surname><given-names>Oleg I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>borzunov.o.i@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9695-2959</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9728-8397</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>Andrei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фёдоров</surname><given-names>Андрей Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>Andrei A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>fedorov@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4538-4656</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3443-2870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borzunova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борзунова</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Borzunova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>masyaborzunova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-5365</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4375-8105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Remizov</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ремизов</surname><given-names>Олег Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Remizov</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>sogma@minzdrav.alania.gov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-3303</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6552-9684</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaisinova</surname><given-names>Agnessa S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кайсинова</surname><given-names>Агнесса Сардоевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kaisinova</surname><given-names>Agnessa S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>zamoms@skfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North Ossetian State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">North Ossetian State Medical Academy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Кавказский федеральный научно-клинический центр</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>274</fpage><lpage>282</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-19"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-07"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-30"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/707625">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/707625</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold><bold>:</bold> Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most severe and late vascular complications of diabetes mellitus and is one of the leading causes of blindness and low vision worldwide. Laser photocoagulation is an effective and proven treatment for this disease; however, it carries certain risks and side effects. In this regard, it is important to identify medical technologies that allow reducing the volume of laser treatment.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for reducing the effective volume of retinal laser photocoagulation in patients with preproliferative diabetic retinopathy.</p> <p><bold>Methods</bold><bold>:</bold> An open-label prospective randomized controlled clinical trial included 89 patients with preproliferative diabetic retinopathy who were divided into two groups: the study group (43 patients) underwent retinal laser photocoagulation on the day after a course of TENS; the control group (46 patients) underwent laser photocoagulation alone. Ophthalmological examination was performed before treatment and at 2, 4 weeks, and 3 months.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold><bold>:</bold> In the study group of patients who had received TENS, there were significantly fewer laser burns and the applied photocoagulation power was reduced. At all follow-up time points, patients in both groups showed comparable and statistically significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity and reduction in central retinal thickness due to decreased diffuse edema. Differences were noted only in electrophysiological parameters after TENS at 3 months.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion</bold><bold>:</bold> A course of TENS with individually adjusted parameters (based on the Kerdo index) in patients with preproliferative diabetic retinopathy is effective as a preoperative preparatory step for retinal laser photocoagulation, significantly reducing the effective volume of laser treatment, as evidenced by a reduction in both power (by 28%) and the number of laser burns (by 5%) compared with the control group. The same therapeutic effect in the study group was achieved with fewer and less powerful laser burns.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold><bold> </bold>Диабетическая ретинопатия относится к числу наиболее тяжёлых и поздних сосудистых осложнений сахарного диабета, являясь одной из ведущих причин слепоты и слабовидения во всём мире. Лазерное воздействие представляет собой эффективный и доказанный метод лечения этого заболевания, однако несёт в себе определённые риски и побочные эффекты. В связи с этим очень важен поиск медицинских технологий, позволяющих сбалансировать объём лазерного воздействия в сторону его снижения.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold><bold> </bold>Оценить безопасность и эффективность применения чрескожной электронейростимуляции с целью снижения эффективного объёма лазерной коагуляции сетчатки глаз у больных с препролиферативной диабетической ретинопатией.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold><bold> </bold>В открытое проспективное рандомизированное контролируемое клиническое исследование включены 89 пациентов с препролиферативной диабетической ретинопатией, которые были разделены на две группы: первой — основной (43 человека) — проводили лазерную коагуляцию сетчатки на следующий день после завершения курса чрескожной электронейростимуляции, второй — контрольной (46 человек) — выполнялась только лазерная коагуляция сетчатки. Офтальмологическое обследование осуществляли до начала лечения, через 2, 4 нед. и 3 мес.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В основной группе пациентов, предварительно получавших чрескожную электронейростимуляцию, наблюдалось статистически значимо меньшее количество лазерных коагулятов при снижении применяемой мощности офтальмокоагуляции. На всех сроках наблюдения у пациентов обеих групп зарегистрировано сопоставимое и статистически значимое улучшение максимальной корригированной остроты зрения, снижение центральной толщины сетчатки за счёт уменьшения её диффузного отёка. Различия отмечены лишь в электрофизиологических показателях после проведения чрескожной электронейростимуляции в сроке наблюдения 3 мес.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold><bold> </bold>Курс чрескожной электронейростимуляции с индивидуально подобранными параметрами (по индексу Кердо) у пациентов с препролиферативной диабетической ретинопатией эффективен в качестве предоперационного подготовительного этапа к лазерной коагуляции сетчатки, позволяющего значимо снизить эффективный объём лазерного воздействия, что выражается в уменьшении как мощности (на 28%), так и количества лазерных коагулятов (на 5%) по отношению к группе контроля. Идентичный терапевтический эффект в основной группе наступал при меньшем количестве и мощности лазерных коагулятов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。糖尿病视网膜病变属于糖尿病最严重和晚期的血管并发症之一，是全球范围内导致失明和视力减弱的主要原因。激光治疗是治疗这种疾病的有效且经过验证的方法，但存在一定的风险和副作用。因此，在保证疗效的前提下减少激光治疗量的医疗技术的探索非常重要。</p> <p>目的。评估应用经皮电神经刺激以降低增殖前期糖尿病视网膜病变患者有效视网膜激光光凝量的安全性和有效性。</p> <p>方法。这项开放、前瞻性、随机对照临床试验纳入了89名增殖前期糖尿病视网膜病变患者，他们被分为两组：第一组——试验组（43人）——在完成经皮电神经刺激疗程后的第二天进行视网膜激光光凝；第二组——对照组（46人）——仅进行视网膜激光光凝。眼科检查在治疗开始前、治疗后2周、4周和3个月进行。</p> <p>结果。在预先接受经皮电神经刺激的试验组患者中，观察到在降低所用光凝功率时，激光光凝点的数量在统计学上显著减少。在观察的所有时间点，两组患者均记录到可比且在统计学上显著的最佳矫正视力提高，以及由于弥漫性水肿减少而导致的视网膜中央厚度减小。差异仅在经皮电神经刺激后3个月观察期的电生理指标中有所体现。</p> <p>结论。对于增殖前期糖尿病视网膜病变患者，采用根据Kerdo指数个体化参数的经皮电神经刺激疗程，作为视网膜激光光凝术前的预备阶段是有效的，它能显著降低有效激光治疗量，这表现为既在功率（降低28%）又在激光光凝点数量（相对于对照组减少5%）上的减少。在试验组中，使用更少数量和更低功率的激光光凝点即达到了相同的治疗效果。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preproliferative diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation</kwd><kwd>focal retinal laser photocoagulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>препролиферативная диабетическая ретинопатия</kwd><kwd>чрескожная электронейростимуляция</kwd><kwd>фокальная лазерная коагуляция сетчатки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>增殖前期糖尿病视网膜病变</kwd><kwd>经皮电神经刺激</kwd><kwd>局灶性视网膜激光光凝</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Global data on visual impairment 2010. 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