<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702991</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr702991</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OCIQXI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modern strategies for the rehabilitation of patients with aphasia and dysarthria in the post-stroke period: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные стратегии реабилитации пациентов с афазией и дизартрией в постинсультном периоде: обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>脑卒中后失语症与构音障碍患者的现代康复策略：综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-7480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainullin</surname><given-names>Ruslan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнуллин</surname><given-names>Руслан Анварович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gainullin</surname><given-names>Ruslan A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>gainullin_r@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3513-1128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>Denis D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фёдоров</surname><given-names>Денис Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>Denis D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>den.fedorov00001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4423-1968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Yana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Яна Андреевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Yana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yanakuz20@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7759-7802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Imankuliev</surname><given-names>Ramin R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иманкулиев</surname><given-names>Рамин Рахманович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Imankuliev</surname><given-names>Ramin R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ramun-ufa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6544-6172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazislamova</surname><given-names>Diana R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газисламова</surname><given-names>Диана Руслановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gazislamova</surname><given-names>Diana R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>DiDiGaz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6646-9408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазур</surname><given-names>Дарья Алексеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mazurdarya2002@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>192</fpage><lpage>213</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-30"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/702991">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/702991</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This work aimed to systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the evidence on the efficacy of modern rehabilitation strategies compared with standard care in adults with post-stroke aphasia and/or dysarthria for outcomes including verbal communication, speech comprehension, naming function, quality of life, and cognitive function. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLIBRARY, and Google Scholar for the period 2015–2025. Randomized controlled trials evaluating modern rehabilitation interventions in patients with post-stroke aphasia/dysarthria were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g) as the effect measure. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q-test, I², and τ² statistics; publication bias was assessed visually and with Egger’s test. Thirteen RCTs were included (total participants: 1601 in the intervention groups, 1364 in the control groups). Methodological quality assessment revealed low risk of bias in 9 studies (69.2%) and moderate risk in 4 (30.8%). Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant positive effect of rehabilitation interventions on naming function (Hedges’ g = 0.992; 95% CI 0.283–1.700; <italic>p</italic><italic> </italic>= 0.0114; I² = 0.9%). The greatest effect was observed with combined approaches (rTMS + M-MAT) and high-intensity therapy in the chronic phase. For verbal communication (g = 0.323; 95% CI −1.177–1.822; <italic>p</italic><italic> </italic>= 0.642) and quality of life (g = 0.136; 95% CI −0.169–0.440; <italic>p</italic><italic> </italic>= 0.318), no statistically significant improvements were found. Evidence for dysarthria supports the efficacy of Liuzijue Qigong breathing exercises. Modern rehabilitation strategies show proven efficacy in improving naming function in post-stroke aphasia, particularly with high-intensity therapy in the chronic phase and in combination with rTMS. For dysarthria, breathing techniques are the most effective. The lack of effect on verbal communication and quality of life highlights the need for more sensitive outcome measures and long-term programs. Personalized rehabilitation approaches that account for stroke phase and further research into combined strategies are needed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью обзора являются систематизация и количественное обобщение данных литературы об эффективности современных методов реабилитации по сравнению со стандартными методами лечения у взрослых пациентов с постинсультной афазией и/или дизартрией по таким исходам, как динамика вербальной (речевой) коммуникации, понимание речи, способность к называнию, улучшение качества жизни и когнитивных функций. Проведён систематический поиск исследований в базах данных PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLIBRARY и Google Scholar за период 2015–2025 гг. Включены рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, оценивавшие эффективность современных методов реабилитации у пациентов с постинсультной афазией / дизартрией. Оценка риска смещения выполнена с применением инструмента RoB 2. Метаанализ проведён с использованием модели случайных эффектов, мерой эффекта выбрана стандартизованная разница средних (Hedges’ g). Оценка гетерогенности выполнена с помощью Q-теста, I² и τ², оценка риска публикационного смещения оценивалась визуально, а также по результатам теста Эггера. Включено 13 рандомизированных контролируемых исследований (общее число участников в экспериментальных группах составило 1601, в контрольных — 1364). При оценке методологического качества 9 исследований (69,2%) имели низкий, а 4 (30,8%) — умеренный риск смещения. Метаанализ выявил статистически значимый положительный эффект методов реабилитации в отношении номинативной функции (Hedges’ g=0,992; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,283–1,700; <italic>p</italic>=0,0114; I²=0,9%). Наибольший эффект зафиксирован при применении комбинированного подхода (rTMS + M-MAT) и высокоинтенсивной терапии в хроническом периоде. Для исхода речевой коммуникации (g=0,323; 95% ДИ -1,177–1,822; <italic>p</italic>=0,642) и качества жизни (g=0,136; 95% ДИ -0,169–0,440; <italic>p</italic>=0,318) статистически значимых улучшений не выявлено. Данные по дизартрии демонстрируют эффективность дыхательной гимнастики Liuzijue Qigong. Современные реабилитационные стратегии демонстрируют доказанную эффективность в улучшении номинативной функции при постинсультной афазии, особенно при высокоинтенсивной терапии в хроническом периоде и комбинации с rTMS. При дизартрии наиболее эффективны дыхательные техники. Отсутствие эффекта в отношении речевой коммуникации и уровня качества жизни требует разработки более чувствительных исходов и долгосрочных программ. Необходимы персональный подход к реабилитации с учётом стадии заболевания и дальнейшее изучение эффективности комбинированного подхода.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>本综述旨在系统梳理并量化总结关于现代康复方法对比标准疗法对成人脑卒中后失语症和/或构音障碍患者疗效的文献数据，评估指标包括言语交流动态、言语理解、命名能力、生活质量改善及认知功能。在 PubMed、ScienceDirect、eLIBRARY 和 Google Scholar 数据库中系统检索了 2015–2025 年期间的研究。纳入评估脑卒中后失语症/构音障碍患者现代康复方法有效性的随机对照试验。使用 RoB 2 工具进行偏倚风险评估。采用随机效应模型进行 Meta 分析，效应量选用标准化均差值（Hedges’ g）。异质性评估通过 Q 检验、I² 和 τ² 完成，发表偏倚通过视觉评估和 Egger 检验结果判断。共纳入 13 项随机对照试验（实验组总参与人数 1601 人，对照组 1364 人）。方法学质量评估显示：9 项研究（69.2%）存在低偏倚风险，4 项（30.8%）存在中度偏倚风险。Meta 分析显示康复方法对命名功能具有统计学显著正向效应（Hedges’ g=0.992；95% 置信区间 (CI) 0.283–1.700；p=0.0114；I²=0.9%）。最大效应出现在联合应用重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS+M-MAT）及慢性期高强度治疗时。言语交流（g=0.323；95% CI –1.177–1.822；p=0.642）与生活质量（g=0.136；95% CI –0.169–0.440；p=0.318）指标未发现统计学显著改善。构音障碍数据显示六字诀气功呼吸训练法有效。现代康复策略在改善脑卒中后失语症命名功能方面具有实证有效性，尤其在慢性期高强度治疗及联合 rTMS 时效果显著。构音障碍治疗中呼吸技术最为有效。言语交流与生活质量指标的效果缺乏提示需开发更敏感的结局指标和长期干预方案。需要根据疾病分期制定个性化康复方案，并进一步研究联合方法的有效性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>aphasia</kwd><kwd>dysarthria</kwd><kwd>speech rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>speech and language therapy</kwd><kwd>neuromodulation</kwd><kwd>transcranial magnetic stimulation</kwd><kwd>behavioral therapy</kwd><kwd>naming function</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>афазия</kwd><kwd>дизартрия</kwd><kwd>реабилитация речевой функции</kwd><kwd>логопедическая терапия</kwd><kwd>нейромодуляция</kwd><kwd>транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>поведенческая терапия</kwd><kwd>номинативная функция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>脑卒中</kwd><kwd>失语症</kwd><kwd>构音障碍</kwd><kwd>言语功能康复</kwd><kwd>言语治疗</kwd><kwd>神经调控</kwd><kwd>经颅磁刺激</kwd><kwd>行为疗法</kwd><kwd>命名功能</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zingelman S, Wallace SJ, Kim J, et al. Aphasia-specific or generic outcomes? A comparison of two health-related quality of life instruments for economic evaluations of aphasia treatments. Qual Life Res. 2025;34(10):2879–2890. doi: 10.1007/s11136-025-04040-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Larina OD, Rudomyotova YY, Novikova TV. The role of a speech therapist in the correction of aphasia and dysphagia at the first stage of rehabilitation of patients with acute cerebrovascular accident. Lechaschi Vrach. 2022;(10):21–29. doi: 10.51793/OS.2022.25.10.004 EDN: DZRBOY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Berdnikovich ES. The impact of speech therapy rehabilitation on the quality of life of individuals with progressive cerebellar dysarthria. Sovremennye Naukoemkie Tekhnologii. 2024;(11):149–156. doi: 10.17513/snt.40222 EDN: JFJXOV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Banco E, Diana L, Casati C, et al. Rehabilitation of post-stroke aphasia by a single protocol targeting phonological, lexical, and semantic deficits with speech output tasks: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2025;61(1):9–18. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.24.08576-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Sackley CM, Rick C, Brady MC, et al. Lee Silverman voice treatment versus NHS speech and language therapy versus control for dysarthria in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD COMM): pragmatic, UK based, multicentre, three arm, parallel group, unblinded, randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2024;386:e078341. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-078341</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Homberg V, Jianu DC, Stan A, et al. Speech therapy combined with cerebrolysin in enhancing nonfluent aphasia recovery after acute ischemic stroke: ESCAS randomized pilot study. Stroke. 2025;56(4):937–947. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.049834</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Oksanen E, Pentikäinen E, Pitkäniemi A, et al. Training-induced neural enhancement of novel song learning in chronic aphasia: EEG study. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2025;1553(1):220–232. doi: 10.1111/nyas.70087</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Loginova OV, Mozheiko EY, Bovtyuk DI. Rehabilitation of patients with post-stroke dysarthria in Russia and abroad: a literature review. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2023;22(6):100–106. doi: 10.38025/2078-1962-2023-22-6-100-106 EDN: WJOKLI.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Kim Y, Kim M, Kim J, Song TJ. Smartphone-based speech therapy for poststroke dysarthria: pilot randomized controlled trial evaluating efficacy and feasibility. J Med Internet Res. 2024;26:e56417. doi: 10.2196/56417</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Rogalski E, Bona M, Esparza M, et al. Efficacy of Communication Bridge-2 for primary progressive aphasia: a randomized controlled trial of communication intervention. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(3):e70088. doi: 10.1002/alz.70088</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Nicoll A, Brady MC, Masterson-Algar P, et al. The PD COMM process evaluation: describing interventions and implementation in a UK pragmatic randomised controlled trial of speech and language therapy for people with Parkinson’s-related dysarthria. Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2025;60(4):e70084. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.70084</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Twardochleb Z, Szczepańska M, Miś MM, et al. tDCS and speech therapy in aphasia treatment: a multicenter comparative study of efficacy. Med Sci Monit. 2025;31:e950237. doi: 10.12659/MSM.950237</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Wischmann J, Brasch L, Franzen J, et al. Tablet-assisted speech and language therapy for acute post-stroke aphasia: a randomized clinical trial (LEXI Study). Eur J Neurol. 2025;32(12):e70443. doi: 10.1111/ene.70443</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Parkhomchuk DS, Vostrikov AA, Krivobokov TV. Brain modulation in addiction: foreign experience and possible perspectives. Emergency Medical Care Bulletin. 2021;1(1):49–59. EDN: QFOFMI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Nejadghaderi SA, Balibegloo M, Rezaei N. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool 2 (RoB 2) versus the original RoB: a perspective on the pros and cons. Health Sci Rep. 2024;7(6):e2165. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.2165</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Cumpston MS, McKenzie JE, Welch VA, Brennan SE. Strengthening systematic reviews in public health: guidance in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, 2nd edition. J Public Health (Oxf). 2022;44(4):e588–e592. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac036</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Spineli LM, Pandis N. Meta-analysis: random-effects model. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020;157(2):280–282. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.10.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Palmer R, Dimairo M, Cooper C, et al. Self-managed, computerised speech and language therapy for patients with chronic aphasia post-stroke compared with usual care or attention control (Big CACTUS): a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(9):821–833. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30192-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Godecke E, Armstrong E, Rai T, et al. A randomized control trial of intensive aphasia therapy after acute stroke: The Very Early Rehabilitation for SpEech (VERSE) study. Int J Stroke. 2021;16(5):556–572. doi: 10.1177/1747493020961926</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang XY, Yu WY, Teng WJ, et al. Effectiveness of melodic intonation therapy in Chinese mandarin on non-fluent aphasia in patients after stroke: a randomized control trial. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:648724. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.648724</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Siponkoski ST, Pitkäniemi A, Laitinen S, et al. Efficacy of a multicomponent singing intervention on communication and psychosocial functioning in chronic aphasia: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Brain Commun. 2023;5(1):fcac337. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac337</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Yan Z, He X, Cheng M, et al. Clinical study of melodic intonation therapy combined with transcranial direct current stimulation for post-stroke aphasia: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1088218. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1088218</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Rose ML, Nickels L, Copland D, et al. Results of the COMPARE trial of Constraint-induced or Multimodality Aphasia Therapy compared with usual care in chronic post-stroke aphasia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022;93(6):573–581. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-328422</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Wang J, Li G, Ding S, et al. Liuzijue qigong versus traditional breathing training for patients with post-stroke dysarthria complicated by abnormal respiratory control: results of a single-center randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(7):999–1010. doi: 10.1177/026921552199247</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Xia J, Pei S, Chen Z, et al. Effects of conventional speech therapy with Liuzijue qigong, a traditional Chinese method of breath training, in 70 patients with post-stroke spastic dysarthria. Med Sci Monit. 2023;29:e939623. doi: 10.12659/MSM.939623</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Fridriksson J, Rorden C, Elm J, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation vs sham stimulation to treat aphasia after stroke: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(12):1470–1476. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.2287</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Stockbridge MD, Elm J, Breining BL, et al. Transcranial direct-current stimulation in subacute aphasia: a randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2023;54(4):912–920. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.041557</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Low TA, Lindland K, Kirton A, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with multimodality aphasia therapy for chronic poststroke aphasia: a randomized clinical trial. Neurology. 2025;104(6):e213424. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000213424</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Szaflarski JP, Nenert R, Allendorfer JB, et al. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) for treatment of chronic post-stroke aphasia: results of a pilot randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Med Sci Monit. 2021;27:e931468. doi: 10.12659/MSM.931468</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Li B, Deng S, Zhuo B, et al. Effect of acupuncture vs sham acupuncture on patients with poststroke motor aphasia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(1):e2352580. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52580</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Xie Q, Chen X, Xiao J, et al. Acupuncture combined with speech rehabilitation training for post-stroke dysarthria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Integr Med Res. 2020;9(4):100431. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100431</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Brady MC, Ali M, VandenBerg K, et al. Precision rehabilitation for aphasia by patient age, sex, aphasia severity, and time since stroke? A prespecified, systematic review-based, individual participant data, network, subgroup meta-analysis. Int J Stroke. 2022;17(10):1067–1077. doi: 10.1177/17474930221097477</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Feng S, Tang M, Huang G, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of acupuncture-related therapies for post-stroke motor aphasia: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2022;13:992079. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.992079</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Wang H, Cai Z, Li S, et al. Research hotspots and frontiers of post-stroke aphasia rehabilitation: a bibliometric study and visualization analysis. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023;17:1176923. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1176923</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Gkintoni E, Michou E. Advancing neuropsychological rehabilitation in primary progressive aphasia based on principles of cognitive neuroscience: a scoping review and systematic analysis of the data. Brain Sci. 2024;14(12):1234. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14121234</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
