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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702980</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr702980</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ATGJUB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Medical rehabilitation of patients with sarcopenia: a systematic review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медицинская реабилитация пациентов с саркопенией: систематический обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>肌少症患者的医学康复：系统综述</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-3943</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5200-5903</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levitskaya</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левицкая</surname><given-names>Екатерина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Levitskaya</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>es.med@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-4524</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3383-3143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batiushin</surname><given-names>Mikhail M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батюшин</surname><given-names>Михаил Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Batiushin</surname><given-names>Mikhail M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>batjushin-m@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5534-0932</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1813-7459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Светлана Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>orlova_sv@rostgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3932-637X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6977-8683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nalgieva</surname><given-names>Zuhra M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нальгиева</surname><given-names>Зухра Магомедовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Nalgieva</surname><given-names>Zuhra M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zmnalgieva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-3668</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6684-1577</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarkisyan</surname><given-names>Susana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саркисян</surname><given-names>Сусана Суреновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sarkisyan</surname><given-names>Susana S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sarkisian.susana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7251-1809</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8535-4557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>Nikolay B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>Николай Борисович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>Nikolay B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>n.bondarenko61@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6423-1619</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5652-6422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинов</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Blinov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>blinovrostgmu@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3964-7404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipyan</surname><given-names>Diana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипян</surname><given-names>Диана Арменовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Osipyan</surname><given-names>Diana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>osipyanda@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8911-4059</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6974-7872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulchenko</surname><given-names>Valeria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гульченко</surname><given-names>Валерия Вадимовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gulchenko</surname><given-names>Valeria V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gulchenko128@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-18"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-07"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/702980">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/702980</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder characterized by decreased muscle strength and muscle mass, followed impaired physical performance. According to the EWGSOP2 (2019), reduced muscle strength is the primary diagnostic criterion, whereas assessment of physical performance determines disease severity. The high prevalence of sarcopenia among older adults and individuals with chronic diseases justifies the need for development of individualized, multidisciplinary rehabilitation strategies aimed at promoting timely and effective support for healthy aging.</p> <p><bold>AIM:<italic> </italic></bold>The work aimed to identify current evidence regarding the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation in patients with sarcopenia.</p> <p>A search of Russian and international scientific data was conducted in the following databases: eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Searches were performed between November and December 2025, covering publications from 2010 to 2025.</p> <p>Multimodal rehabilitation programs based on progressive resistance training combined with nutritional support aimed at optimizing protein intake and correcting vitamin D deficiency have demonstrated effectiveness. Additional implementation of aerobic exercise and balance training contributes to improved functional outcomes and reduced fall risk. Personalization of interventions with ongoing monitoring of muscle strength and physical performance is an essential component of the rehabilitation process. Being a substantial challenge in contemporary medicine, sarcopenia requires further thorough investigation with careful patient stratification to ensure data homogeneity. Unified rehabilitation protocols for patients with sarcopenia cannot be established, as different phenotypes require individualized medical rehabilitation programs tailored to etiological factors, age, comorbidities, and complications. A key principle of medical rehabilitation in sarcopenia is the combination of individually prescribed resistance and aerobic exercise, balance training, and mandatory correction of nutritional deficiencies. Involvement of relevant specialists to address the underlying cause of sarcopenia, as well as psychological support and occupational therapy when indicated, is also essential.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Саркопения определяется как прогрессирующее генерализованное заболевание скелетной мускулатуры, характеризующееся снижением мышечной силы и массы с последующим нарушением физической работоспособности. Согласно EWGSOP2 (2019), снижение мышечной силы является первичным диагностическим критерием, а оценка физической функции определяет тяжесть синдрома. Высокая распространённость саркопении в популяции пожилых пациентов и среди лиц с хроническими заболеваниями обосновывает необходимость формирования индивидуальной тактики с учётом мультидисциплинарности в медицинской реабилитации, что позволит своевременно и эффективно обеспечивать пациенту активное долголетие.</p> <p><bold>Цель работы:</bold> определить современные данные, позволяющие судить об эффективности применения средств медицинской реабилитации у пациентов с саркопенией.</p> <p>Проведён поиск российской и зарубежной научной литературы в следующих базах цитирования: eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, GoogleScholar, Scopus. Даты запросов: ноябрь — декабрь 2025 г., глубина запросов: 2010–2025 гг.</p> <p>Показана эффективность мультимодальных реабилитационных программ, основанных на прогрессивных силовых тренировках в сочетании с нутритивной поддержкой, направленной на оптимизацию потребления белка и коррекцию дефицита витамина D. Дополнительное применение аэробных нагрузок и тренировок равновесия способствует улучшению функциональных показателей и снижению риска падений. Персонализация вмешательств с контролем динамики мышечной силы и физической работоспособности является обязательным условием реабилитационного процесса. Саркопения представляет собой актуальную проблему современной медицины, которая требует дальнейшего тщательного изучения и отбора пациентов в группы исследования для однородности полученных данных. Определение единых протоколов ведения пациентов с саркопенией в медицинской реабилитации невозможно, поскольку разные её фенотипы требуют составления индивидуальной программы медицинской реабилитации с учётом прежде всего этиологического фактора, возраста, наличия сопутствующих заболеваний и осложнений. Ключевым принципом медицинской реабилитации является сочетание индивидуально дозированных силовых и аэробных тренировок, упражнений на равновесие с обязательной коррекцией нутритивного дефицита. Важной составляющей также является привлечение профильных специалистов для воздействия на причину саркопении, а при необходимости — психологическая коррекция и эрготерапия.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>肌少症被定义为一种进行性全身性骨骼肌疾病，其特征是肌肉力量和质量的下降，随后导致身体功能障碍。根据 EWGSOP2 (2019)，肌肉力量下降是主要诊断标准，而身体功能评估则决定了该综合征的严重程度。肌少症在老年患者及慢性病人群中的高发病率，证明了在医学康复中制定考虑多学科协作的个性化策略的必要性，这将有助于及时有效地确保患者的积极长寿。</p> <p>目的： 明确当前关于医学康复手段在肌少症患者中应用效果的数据。</p> <p>对以下引文数据库中的俄罗斯及国外科学文献进行了检索：eLIBRARY、PubMed、GoogleScholar、Scopus。检索时间：2025年11月至12月，检索深度：2010–2025年。</p> <p>结果显示，基于渐进性力量训练并联合以优化蛋白质摄入和纠正维生素D缺乏为目标的营养支持的多模式康复方案具有确切疗效。额外增加有氧运动和平衡训练有助于改善功能指标并降低跌倒风险。对干预措施进行个体化，并动态监测肌肉力量和身体功能，是康复过程的必要条件。</p> <p>肌少症是现代医学中一个重要议题，需要进一步深入研究，并对患者进行合理分组以确保数据的同质性。在医学康复领域，无法制定统一的肌少症患者管理方案，因其不同表型需要根据病因、年龄、合并症及并发症等因素制定个体化的医学康复计划。医学康复的关键原则是个体化定量的力量与有氧训练、平衡练习的结合，并必须纠正营养不足。另一重要组成部分是，应邀请相关领域专家干预肌少症的病因，并在必要时提供心理辅导和作业治疗。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>medical rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>muscle strength</kwd><kwd>muscle mass</kwd><kwd>nutritional deficiency</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation potential</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>медицинская реабилитация</kwd><kwd>мышечная сила</kwd><kwd>мышечная масса</kwd><kwd>нутритивная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>реабилитационный потенциал</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>肌少症</kwd><kwd>医学康复</kwd><kwd>肌肉力量</kwd><kwd>肌肉质量</kwd><kwd>营养不足</kwd><kwd>康复潜能</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al; Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. 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