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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696364</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr696364</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VEPVUB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Use of biomarkers to optimize physical rehabilitation programs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Использование биомаркёров для оптимизации программ физической реабилитации при хронической обструктивной болезни лёгких</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>生物标志物在慢性阻塞性肺疾病运动康复方案优化中的应用</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5449-1990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khazieva</surname><given-names>Zulfina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хазиева</surname><given-names>Зульфина Альфарисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Khazieva</surname><given-names>Zulfina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khazulf1999@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6199-8345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachatryan</surname><given-names>Alen A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачатрян</surname><given-names>Ален Араикович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Khachatryan</surname><given-names>Alen A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alen200302@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9759-0527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sibgatullina</surname><given-names>Adel D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сибгатуллина</surname><given-names>Адель Дамировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sibgatullina</surname><given-names>Adel D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>adelyasibgatullina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0142-2501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusaeva</surname><given-names>Iliza I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсаева</surname><given-names>Илиза Илгизовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Yusaeva</surname><given-names>Iliza I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yusalina2002@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0861-9659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>Alena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Алёна Вадимовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>Alena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>goncharova1.alena@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4760-1019</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslyanko</surname><given-names>Maksim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслянко</surname><given-names>Максим Арифович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Maslyanko</surname><given-names>Maksim A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shampun50@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5588-0813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishmukhametova</surname><given-names>Dilara I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ишмухаметова</surname><given-names>Дилара Ильверовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ishmukhametova</surname><given-names>Dilara I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>i.dilara_02@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8544-0022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaliullin</surname><given-names>Timur R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халиуллин</surname><given-names>Тимур Русланович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Khaliullin</surname><given-names>Timur R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khaliullin2002t@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6098-0029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маликова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Malikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nemnatatyana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6599-1971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Максимовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gorbunovaekaterina426@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2037-222X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Molodtsov</surname><given-names>Prokhor D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молодцов</surname><given-names>Прохор Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Molodtsov</surname><given-names>Prokhor D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>prohor.molodcov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7679-9860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumynina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румынина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rumynina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Melani.rei@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chusovskaya Hospital named after V.G. Lyubimov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Чусовская больница им. В.Г. Любимова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Chusovskaya Hospital named after V.G. Lyubimov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ivanovo State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ивановский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Ivanovo State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Чувашский государственный медицинский университет им. И.Н. Ульянова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">South-Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">South-Ural State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-23"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-29"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/696364">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/696364</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by pronounced clinical and biological heterogeneity. It determines a wide range of responses to therapeutic interventions, including pulmonary rehabilitation. Exercise training remains the primary non-pharmacological strategy capable of improving exercise tolerance, symptoms, and quality of life; however, individual responses to rehabilitation programs vary considerably. In recent years, there has been a rising interest in the use of biomarkers that reflect inflammatory, metabolic, and microbiome-related changes induced by physical activity, with the aim of advancing personalized rehabilitation approaches. This review summarizes current evidence on biomarkers of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, as well as alterations in gut and oral microbiota in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing rehabilitation. It has been shown that the changes in the content of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde, phosphorylated H2AX histone proteins, 8-OH-deoxyguanosine, and the profile of short-chain fatty acids may reflect the pattern of physiological adaptation to exercise and serve as objective indicators for the optimization of training programs. Particular attention is given to the role of omics technologies and the emerging field of rehabilomics, which enable integration of molecular data with clinical outcomes to develop individualized rehabilitation strategies. Despite the promise of these approaches, their implementation in clinical practice remains limited by insufficient methodological standardization and data heterogeneity. The need for large-scale longitudinal studies with unified protocols is emphasized. In the future, the integration of biomarkers and multi-omics approaches may enable the development of more precise, adaptive, and effective rehabilitation programs aimed at improving functional status and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких (ХОБЛ) характеризуется выраженной клинической и биологической гетерогенностью, что определяет широкий спектр ответов на терапевтические вмешательства, включая лёгочную реабилитацию. Физические тренировки остаются основным немедикаментозным методом, способным улучшать переносимость нагрузок, симптомы и качество жизни пациентов, однако индивидуальный отклик на реабилитационные программы значительно варьирует. В последние годы растёт интерес к использованию биомаркёров, отражающих воспалительные, метаболические и микробиомные изменения, возникающие в ответ на физическую активность, для совершенствования персонализированного подхода к реабилитации. В статье рассматриваются современные данные о биомаркёрах системного воспаления, окислительного стресса, повреждения ДНК, а также о составе кишечной и оральной микробиоты у пациентов с ХОБЛ, проходящих реабилитацию. Показано, что динамика таких показателей, как IL-6, С-реактивный белок, 8-изопростан, малоновый диальдегид, γH2AX, 8-OHdG и профиль короткоцепочечных жирных кислот, может отражать характер адаптации к физической нагрузке и служить ориентиром для корректировки тренировочных программ. Особое внимание уделено роли омических технологий и формирующейся области реабилитомики, которые позволяют интегрировать молекулярные данные с клиническими результатами и формировать индивидуальные реабилитационные стратегии. Несмотря на перспективность подходов, внедрение биомаркёров в клиническую практику ограничено недостаточной стандартизацией методов и разнородностью данных. Подчёркнута необходимость крупных лонгитюдных исследований с унифицированными протоколами. Использование биомаркёров и мультиомных подходов в перспективе позволит создать более точные, адаптивные и эффективные программы реабилитации, направленные на улучшение функционального состояния и качества жизни пациентов с ХОБЛ.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD）具有显著的临床与生物学异质性，这决定了患者对包括肺康复在内的治疗干预措施呈现出广泛差异的反应。体育训练仍是改善患者运动耐量、症状及生活质量的主要非药物干预方式，但个体对康复方案的反应存在显著变异。近年来，对利用能够反映运动所引发的炎症、代谢及微生物群变化的生物标志物，以完善康复的个体化方法的兴趣不断增长。本文综述了COPD患者在康复过程中系统性炎症、氧化应激、DNA损伤相关生物标志物，以及肠道和口腔微生物群组成方面的最新研究数据。研究表明，IL-6、C反应蛋白、8-异前列腺素、丙二醛、γH2AX、8-OHdG及短链脂肪酸谱等指标的动态变化可反映机体对体力负荷的适应特征，并可作为调整训练方案的重要依据。文章特别强调了组学技术及新兴领域康复组学（rehabilitomics）在整合分子数据与临床结局、构建个体化康复策略中的作用。尽管这些方法具有良好前景，其在临床实践中的应用仍受到检测方法标准化不足及数据异质性较高的限制。作者指出，有必要开展采用统一方案的大规模纵向研究。未来，生物标志物及多组学方法的应用有望形成更加精确、动态且高效的COPD康复方案，从而改善患者功能状态与生活质量。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>pulmonary rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>exercise training</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>DNA damage</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>short-chain fatty acids</kwd><kwd>omics technologies</kwd><kwd>rehabilomics</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких</kwd><kwd>лёгочная реабилитация</kwd><kwd>физические тренировки</kwd><kwd>биомаркёры</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>повреждение ДНК</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>короткоцепочечные жирные кислоты</kwd><kwd>омические технологии</kwd><kwd>реабилитомика</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>慢性阻塞性肺疾病</kwd><kwd>肺康复</kwd><kwd>体育训练</kwd><kwd>生物标志物</kwd><kwd>炎症</kwd><kwd>氧化应激</kwd><kwd>DNA损伤</kwd><kwd>微生物群</kwd><kwd>短链脂肪酸</kwd><kwd>组学技术</kwd><kwd>康复组学</kwd><kwd>个体化医学</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Manoshkina EM. 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