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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">690559</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr690559</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ACJQCX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prevention of cardiac overload in basketball players with minor cardiac anomalies using abdominal decompression: a non-randomized controlled clinical trial</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Профилактика перенапряжения сердца у баскетболистов с малыми аномалиями развития сердца методом абдоминальной декомпрессии (нерандомизированное контролируемое клиническое испытание)</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>采用腹部减压法预防心脏过度负荷于心脏发育小异常篮球运动员 （非随机对照临床试验）</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1292-306X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9834-5762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamiev</surname><given-names>Nazar J.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамиев</surname><given-names>Назар Джуманазарович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mamiev</surname><given-names>Nazar J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nazarmamiev1986@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-304X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1355-1790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василенко</surname><given-names>Владимир Станиславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vasilenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>vasillenkovladi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-0943</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2661-0868</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Butko</surname><given-names>Dmitriy Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутко</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Butko</surname><given-names>Dmitriy Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>prof.butko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0253-4132</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3227-8438</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Виктор Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>vs@tdom.biz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>499</fpage><lpage>508</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-18"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/690559">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/690559</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:<italic> </italic></bold>Basketball players in connection with the specifics of selection are most susceptible to overvoltage of the heart. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the development and introduction of methods into the training process that increase the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold><italic> </italic>Establish the efficiency of using the abdominal decompression method in the training process of athletes of basketball players with small heart developmental abnormalities to reduce the risk of heart overvoltage<italic>.</italic></p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A study of the state of the cardiovascular system of 53 athletes, basketball players who are training at the FGBOU base at the National State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Health named after P.F. Lesgaft and the center of Olympic training in basketball named after V.P. Kondrashin. Together criteria: basketball players, men, acting athletes, age of 18–25 years, sports experience of at least 5 years, candidates for masters of sports. The criteria of non-inclusion are the lack of small anomalies of heart development, potentially dangerous arrhythmias at the time of the first study. Exception criteria are poor tolerance of abdominal decompression, passing of abdominal decompression procedures. Small anomalies in the development of the heart were diagnosed according to the results of echocardiography. Throughout the year, athletes of the main group (<italic>n</italic>=12) were held 6 courses of abdominal decompression. In the control group (<italic>n</italic>=12), abdominal decompression was not carried out. At the beginning of the general preparatory and beginning of the transition period, the basketball players of the control and main groups were examined, including Holter Daily ECG monitoring, the determination of myocardial antigen in the blood, the determination of cortisol and testosterone with the subsequent calculation of the anabolism index, the determination of the general and effective albumin with the calculation of the toxicity index, and the toxicity. Determination of oxidized lipoproteins.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold><italic> </italic>Small anomalies of heart development were diagnosed in 24 (45.3%) basketball players. The high efficiency of the abdominal decompression method has been established to prevent heart overvoltage in basketball players with small heart developmental abnormalities. The main effect of abdominal decompression to increase the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system and the prevention of overvoltage in basketball players is associated with a decrease in endogenous intoxication and to a lesser extent with the normalization of metabolic processes. We have not established the influence of abdominal decompression on the severity of oxidative stress. Unwanted reactions to abdominal decompression were not detected in athletes.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Abdominal decompression has the most pronounced potential for use by athletes with small anomalies of heart development to reduce endogenous intoxication and normalize the ratio of catabolic and anabolic processes. Against this background, there is an increase in the adaptation of the cardiovascular system of basketball players to training and competitive loads, expressed in a decrease in the risk of heart overvoltage.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Баскетболисты в связи со спецификой отбора наиболее подвержены перенапряжению сердца. В связи с этим особое внимание следует уделять разработке и введению в тренировочный процесс методов, повышающих адаптационные возможности сердечно-сосудистой системы.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Установить эффективность использования метода абдоминальной декомпрессии в тренировочном процессе спортсменов-баскетболистов с малыми аномалиями развития сердца для снижения риска перенапряжения сердца.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведено исследование состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы 53 спортсменов-баскетболистов, тренирующихся на базе ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный государственный университет физической культуры, спорта и здоровья им. П.Ф. Лесгафта» и Центра олимпийской подготовки по баскетболу имени В.П. Кондрашина. Критерии включения: баскетболисты, мужчины, действующие спортсмены, возраст 18–25 лет, спортивный стаж не менее 5 лет, кандидаты в мастера спорта. Критерии невключения: отсутствие малых аномалий развития сердца, потенциально опасные аритмии на момент первого исследования. Критерии исключения: плохая переносимость абдоминальной декомпрессии, пропуск процедур абдоминальной декомпрессии. Малые аномалии развития сердца диагностировали по результатам эхокардиографии. На протяжении года спортсменам основной группы (<italic>n</italic>=12) проведено 6 курсов абдоминальной декомпрессии. В контрольной группе (<italic>n</italic>=12) абдоминальная декомпрессия не проводилась. Баскетболистам контрольной и основной групп в начале общего подготовительного и в начале переходного периода было проведено обследование, включающее холтеровское суточное мониторирование ЭКГ, определение в крови антигена миокарда, определение в крови кортизола и тестостерона с последующим расчётом индекса анаболизма, определение в крови общего и эффективного альбумина с расчётом индекса токсичности, определение окисленных липопротеидов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Малые аномалии развития сердца диагностированы у 24 (45,3%) баскетболистов. Установлена высокая эффективность метода абдоминальной декомпрессии для профилактики перенапряжения сердца у баскетболистов с малыми аномалиями развития сердца. Основной эффект абдоминальной декомпрессии для повышения адаптационных возможностей сердечно-сосудистой системы и профилактики перенапряжения у баскетболистов связан со снижением эндогенной интоксикации и, в меньшей степени, с нормализацией метаболических процессов. Влияния курсов абдоминальной декомпрессии на выраженность оксидативного стресса нами не установлено. Нежелательные реакции на проведение абдоминальной декомпрессии у спортсменов не выявлены.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Абдоминальная декомпрессия имеет наиболее выраженный потенциал для использования у спортсменов с малыми аномалиями развития сердца для снижения эндогенной интоксикации и нормализации соотношения катаболических и анаболических процессов. На этом фоне отмечается повышение адаптации сердечно-сосудистой системы баскетболистов к тренировочным и соревновательным нагрузкам, выражающееся в снижении риска перенапряжения сердца.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。受专项选材机制影响，篮球运动员更易出现心脏过度负荷。因此，在训练过程中应特别重视引入能够提高心血管系统适应能力的干预方法。</p> <p>目的。确定在伴有心脏发育小异常的篮球运动员训练中应用腹部减压方法，对降低心脏过度负荷风险的有效性。</p> <p>方法。开展了对 53 名篮球运动员心血管系统状态的研究，受试者均在P.F. Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education及V.P. Kondrashin Olympic Basketball Training Center进行训练。纳入标准：男性篮球运动员，年龄18–25岁，运动年限不少于5年，具有运动健将候选人资格。未纳入标准：无心脏发育小异常者，以及在初次检查时存在潜在危险性心律失常者。排除标准：腹部减压耐受性差或干预中断。小异常通过超声心动图确诊。实验组（n=12）在一年内共接受6个疗程的腹部减压治疗。对照组（n=12）未实施腹部减压治疗。对照组与实验组篮球运动员均分别在一般准备期及过渡期接受检查，内容包括：24小时Holter动态心电监测、血清心肌抗原测定、皮质醇与睾酮检测并计算同化指数、总白蛋白与有效白蛋白测定并计算毒性指数，以及氧化脂蛋白测定。</p> <p>结果。24名篮球运动员（45.3%）被诊断为心脏发育小异常。研究证实腹部减压方法在预防心脏发育小异常篮球运动员心脏过度负荷方面具有较高有效性。其主要效果在于提高心血管系统的适应能力并预防心脏过度负荷，这主要通过降低内源性中毒水平实现，同时在较小程度上有助于代谢过程的正常化。未发现腹部减压疗程对氧化应激程度产生明显影响。运动员在腹部减压过程中未出现不良反应。</p> <p>结论。腹部减压在伴有心脏发育小异常的篮球运动员中具有较高应用潜力，可用于降低内源性中毒水平并调节同化/分解代谢比例。在此基础上，可观察到其促进心血管系统对训练与比赛负荷的适应性提高，从而降低心脏过度负荷风险。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>abdominal decompression</kwd><kwd>basketball</kwd><kwd>minor cardiac anomalies</kwd><kwd>cardiac strain</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>абдоминальная декомпрессия</kwd><kwd>баскетбол</kwd><kwd>малые аномалии развития сердца</kwd><kwd>перенапряжение сердца</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>腹部减压</kwd><kwd>篮球</kwd><kwd>心脏发育小异常</kwd><kwd>心脏过度负荷</kwd><kwd>预防</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mamiev NJ, Vasilenko VS, Semenova YuB. 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