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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689360</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr689360</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">zeifhx</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neuroimaging markers of safety of physical therapy exercises in children with muscular dystrophies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нейровизуализационные маркёры безопасности выполнения упражнений лечебной физкультуры у детей с мышечными дистрофиями</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>神经影像学标志物在评估儿童肌营养不良患者运动康复安全性中的作用</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5903-8789</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4482-9918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslov</surname><given-names>Vasily M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслов</surname><given-names>Василий Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Suslov</surname><given-names>Vasily M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Suslov, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Suslov, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>vms.92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2770-6755</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8002-0690</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>Dmitry I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденко</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Игоревич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>Dmitry I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>dmrud_h2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-4473</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8234-7005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>Gennady N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>Геннадий Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>Gennady N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>ponomarenko_g@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-762X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8110-0058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslova</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслова</surname><given-names>Галина Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Suslova</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>docgas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-4725</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8804-4630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malekov</surname><given-names>Damir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малеков</surname><given-names>Дамир Асиятович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Malekov</surname><given-names>Damir A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.a.malekov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4979-1951</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслова</surname><given-names>Александра Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Suslova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fifa379@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Aducational Centre of Medical and Social Expertis and Rehabilitation n. a. G.A. Albrecht</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-образовательный центр медико-социальной экспертизы и реабилитации им. Г.А. Альбрехта</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Federal Scientific and Aducational Centre of Medical and Social Expertis and Rehabilitation n. a. G.A. Albrecht</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children's City Polyclinic No. 29, Saint Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская поликлиника № 29, Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Children's City Polyclinic No. 29, Saint Petersburg</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of the Physiсal Therapy, Balneotherapy and Rehabilitation</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</issue-title><fpage>371</fpage><lpage>382</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-16"><day>16</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-05"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-09-22"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/689360">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/689360</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Muscular dystrophies are a broad and heterogeneous group of hereditary neuromuscular disorders, most commonly manifesting with primary symmetric involvement of proximal skeletal muscles in the upper and lower limbs. Patients with these disorders are at increased risk of muscle fiber damage if exercises and their intensity are inappropriately selected during physical therapy. At present, no neuroimaging markers are available to assess the safety of physical exercise in patients with inherited myopathies. Quantitative MRI criteria for detecting clinically significant changes in skeletal muscles have also not been developed.</p> <p><bold>AIM:<italic> </italic></bold>This study aimed to evaluate the safety of physical therapy exercises in pediatric patients with muscular dystrophies using neuroimaging, clinical, and laboratory methods.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>The study included 86 patients with genetically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mean age 7.5 ± 2.4 years) and 42 patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (mean age 11.8 ± 3.3 years). All patients underwent a 4-month rehabilitation program consisting of aerobic physical therapy exercises, stretching, and cycle ergometer training. Safety was assessed using clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging measures.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> According to MRI findings, no statistically significant increase in T2 water signal intensity was observed after aerobic exercises without load in the major muscle groups of the pelvic and shoulder girdles, thighs, and calves in either group, indicating no progression of nonspecific inflammation or edema. All reported adverse events were mild and short-term, did not affect the rehabilitation, or require additional pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment. Eight cases of skeletal muscle injury were observed, attributable to concentric or eccentric exercises. In the Duchenne muscular dystrophy group, the mean skeletal muscle signal intensity before exercise was 34.9 ± 1.0 ms and increased to 44.1 ± 3.7 ms during follow-up (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.01). In the limb-girdle muscular dystrophies group, signal intensity was 33.6 ± 2.3 ms and 44.3 ± 4.1 ms, respectively (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.01).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Thus, the developed rehabilitation program, which includes aerobic exercises without load, does not result in skeletal muscle damage in patients with various forms of muscular dystrophy, as confirmed by neuroimaging, clinical, and laboratory assessments. In patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, skeletal muscle MR signal intensity from water increased on average by 20.4 ± 5.8%, whereas in patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophies it increased by 23.8 ± 6.3%. This increase is clinically significant and indicates skeletal muscle injury accompanied by corresponding symptoms.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Мышечные дистрофии представляют собой обширную и гетерогенную группу наследственных неврологических заболеваний, которые чаще всего проявляются первичным симметричным поражением скелетных мышц в проксимальных отделах верхних и нижних конечностей. Пациенты с этими заболеваниями подвержены повышенному риску травматизации мышечных волокон при неправильном подборе упражнений и их интенсивности во время лечебной физкультуры. В настоящее время отсутствуют нейровизуализационные маркёры, позволяющие оценить безопасность выполнения физических упражнений у пациентов с наследственными миопатиями. Также не разработаны количественные МРТ-критерии для выявления клинически значимых изменений в скелетных мышцах.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить безопасность выполнения упражнений ЛФК при помощи нейровизуализационных, клинических и лабораторных методов исследования у пациентов детского возраста с мышечными дистрофиями.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В исследование были включены 86 пациентов с генетически подтверждённой мышечной дистрофией Дюшенна (МДД) (средний возраст 7,5±2,4 года) и 42 пациента с конечностно-поясными мышечными дистрофиями (КПМД) (средний возраст 11,8±3,3 года). Все пациенты в течение 4 месяцев проходили курс медицинской реабилитации, включающий комбинацию упражнений ЛФК из аэробной гимнастики, упражнений на растягивание мышц, упражнения на велотренажёре. Проводилась оценка безопасности, включающая клинические, лабораторные и нейровизуализационные методы.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> По результатам исследования по данным МРТ не было выявлено статистически значимого повышения сигнала Т2 от воды после выполнения аэробных упражнений без отягощения при исследовании основных мышечных групп тазового, плечевого пояса, бёдер и голеней в обеих группах, что свидетельствует об отсутствии нарастания неспецифического воспаления и отёка. Все зарегистрированные нежелательные явления характеризовались лёгким непродолжительным течением, не влияли на курс реабилитации и не требовали назначения сопутствующей медикаментозной и немедикаментозной терапии. Было зарегистрировано 8 случаев повреждения скелетных мышц, обусловленных выполнением концентрических или эксцентрических упражнений. В группе пациентов с МДД средняя интенсивность сигнала в скелетных мышцах до физических нагрузок составляла 34,9±1,0 и 44,1±3,7 мс (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,01) при динамическом наблюдении. В группе пациентов с КПМД интенсивность сигнала составляла 33,6±2,3 и 44,3±4,1 мс (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,01) соответственно.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Таким образом, разработанный комплекс медицинской реабилитации, включающий аэробные упражнения без отягощения, не приводит к повреждению скелетных мышц у пациентов с разными формами мышечных дистрофий, что подтверждается нейровизуализационными, клиническими и лабораторными методами. У пациентов с МДД наблюдалось повышение интенсивности МР-сигнала в скелетных мышцах от воды в среднем на 20,4±5,8%, а у пациентов с КПМД — на 23,8±6,3%. Это увеличение является клинически значимым и указывает на повреждение скелетных мышц, сопровождающееся соответствующей симптоматикой.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>方法：</bold>本研究纳入86例基因学确诊的杜氏肌营养不良（Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD）患儿（平均年龄7.5±2.4岁）及42例肢带型肌营养不良（limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, LGMD）患儿（平均年龄11.8±3.3岁）。所有患者均接受为期4个月的医学康复课程，其中包括PT练习的组合：有氧训练、肌肉牵伸练习以及功率自行车训练。安全性评估涵盖临床、实验室和神经影像学指标。</p> <p><bold>结果：</bold>MRI检查显示，两组患者在完成无负荷有氧运动后，骨盆带、肩带、大腿及小腿主要肌群的 水相关T2信号 未见统计学显著升高，提示未出现炎症或水肿加重。所有不良事件均表现为轻微、短暂的症状，对康复过程无明显影响，也 无需额外的药物或非药物治疗。共记录到8例因进行向心或离心运动导致的骨骼肌损伤。在DMD患儿组，骨骼肌在运动前的信号强度在动态随访中分别为34.9±1.0和44.1±3.7 ms（p &lt;0.01）。在LGMD患儿组，信号强度分别为33.6±2.3和44.3±4.1 ms（p &lt;0.01）。</p> <p><bold>结论：</bold>本研究所制定的康复方案，包括无负荷有氧运动，不会导致不同类型肌营养不良患儿骨骼肌损伤，这一点已通过神经影像学、临床和实验室方法证实。在DMD患儿中，骨骼肌来源于水分的MR信号平均增加20.4±5.8%，而在LGMD患儿中则增加23.8±6.3%。这种增加具有临床意义，提示骨骼肌损伤并伴有相应的症状表现。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>muscular dystrophy</kwd><kwd>Duchenne muscular dystrophy</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>physical therapy</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мышечная дистрофия</kwd><kwd>мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>лечебная физкультура</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>肌营养不良</kwd><kwd>杜氏肌营养不良</kwd><kwd>康复</kwd><kwd>运动康复</kwd><kwd>磁共振成像。</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Angelini C. 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