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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689250</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr689250</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">vbckab</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effectiveness of transcranial electrical stimulation as an adjunct to monopharmacotherapy in post-COVID syndrome with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность применения транскраниальной электрической стимуляции в дополнение к монофармакотерапии при постковидном синдроме с депрессивной симптоматикой и нарушениями сна</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>经颅电刺激联合单药治疗在伴有抑郁症状和睡眠障碍的后新冠综合征患者中的疗效</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4816-3182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubel</surname><given-names>Anna D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубель</surname><given-names>Анна Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rubel</surname><given-names>Anna D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lesya_gymenyuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Council of the Republic of Crimea</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный совет Республики Крым</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">State Council of the Republic of Crimea</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of the Physiсal Therapy, Balneotherapy and Rehabilitation</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</issue-title><fpage>391</fpage><lpage>399</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-14"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-09-22"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/689250">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/689250</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:<italic> </italic></bold>The study of potential therapeutic approaches for post-COVID syndrome within randomized controlled trials remains one of the priority objectives.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to evaluate the effect of transcranial electrical stimulation as an adjunct to monopharmacotherapy on depression, sleep disturbances, and plasma cortisol and serotonin levels in patients with post-COVID syndrome.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The study included 150 patients with post-COVID syndrome randomized into two groups (75 each): the main group received transcranial electrical stimulation in addition to monopharmacotherapy, while the reference group received monopharmacotherapy alone. Treatment efficacy was assessed after 15 days using the HADS-D, ISI, CGI-S scales and plasma cortisol and serotonin levels.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:<italic> </italic></bold>After 15 days, statistically significant differences between the groups were observed in median scores on HADS-D (<italic>p</italic>=0.042), CGI-S (<italic>p</italic>=0.002), and ISI (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001), as well as in cortisol (<italic>p</italic>=0.001) and serotonin (<italic>p</italic>=0.002) levels. The addition of transcranial electrical stimulation to monopharmacotherapy in patients with post-COVID syndrome resulted in complete remission of its manifestations in 95% of cases.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The findings support the use of transcranial electrical stimulation as an effective and pathogenetically justified component of comprehensive treatment in outpatients with post-COVID syndrome presenting with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Изучение потенциальных методов лечения постковидного синдрома (ПКС) в рамках рандомизированных контролируемых испытаний остаётся одной из приоритетных задач.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценка влияния применения транскраниальной электрической стимуляции (ТЭС) в дополнение к монофармакотерапии на показатели депрессии, нарушений сна и уровни кортизола и серотонина в плазме крови у пациентов с постковидным синдромом.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В исследование включены 150 пациентов с ПКС, рандомизированных в две группы (по 75 человек в каждой): основная группа получала ТЭС в дополнение к монофармакотерапии, группа сравнения — только монофармакотерапию. Эффективность проведённого лечения анализировали через 15 дней по шкалам HADS-D, CGI-S, индексу ISI и плазменным показателям кортизола и серотонина.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Через 15 дней лечения получены статистически значимые различия между изучаемыми группами по медианам оценок шкал HADS-D (<italic>р</italic>=0,042), CGI-S (<italic>р</italic>=0,002) и индекса ISI (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001), а также значений кортизола (<italic>р</italic>=0,001) и серотонина (<italic>р</italic>=0,002). Добавление ТЭС к монофармакотерапии у пациентов с ПКС обеспечило достижение полной редукции клинических проявлений ПКС в 95% случаев.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные результаты позволяют рассматривать применение ТЭС в качестве эффективного и патогенетически обоснованного компонента комплексного лечения амбулаторных пациентов с ПКС, клиническая картина которого включает депрессивную симптоматику и нарушения сна.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证：</bold>在随机对照试验框架下探索潜在的后新冠综合征（post-COVID syndrome, PCS）治疗方法仍然是优先研究方向之一。</p> <p><bold>目的：</bold>评估在单药治疗基础上联合经颅电刺激（transcranial electrical stimulation, TES）对后新冠综合征患者抑郁和睡眠障碍指标，以及血浆皮质醇和血清素水平的影响。</p> <p><bold>方法：</bold>本研究纳入150例PCS患者，随机分为两组（各75例）：实验组在单药治疗基础上接受TES，对照组仅接受单药治疗。治疗效果在15天后通过HADS-D, ISI, CGI-S量表及血浆皮质醇和血清素水平进行评估。</p> <p><bold>结果：</bold>治疗15天后，两组间在HADS-D评分（p=0.042）、CGI-S评分（p=0.002）、ISI指数 （p &lt;0.001）、皮质醇水平（p=0.001）和血清素水平（p=0.002）方面均存在统计学显著差异。在PCS患者中，TES联合单药治疗在95%的病例中实现了临床表现的完全缓解。</p> <p><bold>结论：</bold>研究结果表明，TES作为单药治疗的补充，是门诊PCS患者综合治疗中一种有效且病因学合理的干预手段，其临床表现包括抑郁症状和睡眠障碍。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>post-COVID syndrome</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>sleep disturbances</kwd><kwd>cortisol</kwd><kwd>serotonin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>нарушения сна</kwd><kwd>кортизол</kwd><kwd>серотонин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>后新冠综合征</kwd><kwd>抑郁</kwd><kwd>睡眠障碍</kwd><kwd>皮质醇</kwd><kwd>血清素。</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Goncalves FT, Firigato I, Pessotto AV, et al. 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