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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">653383</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr653383</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HWLSFF</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rehabilitation methods for musculoskeletal disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Методы восстановительного лечения при заболеваниях опорно-двигательного аппарата</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>运动系统疾病的康复治疗方法</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0374-6763</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1827-7880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>Natalya G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>Наталья Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>Natalya G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>Kulikovang777@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-982X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3434-9150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Zamil</surname><given-names>Mustafa K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Замиль</surname><given-names>Мустафа Халилович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Al-Zamil</surname><given-names>Mustafa K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>alzamil@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-8562</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6126-1475</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachenko</surname><given-names>Albina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткаченко</surname><given-names>Альбина Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tkachenko</surname><given-names>Albina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>rocstar-fo@to.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5184-8161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naydenov</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Найдёнов</surname><given-names>Павел Васильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Naydenov</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><email>pnaidenov@mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. П. Лумумбы</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rehabilitation Center of the Moscow Regional Rozanov Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Реабилитационный центр Московской областной больницы им. проф. В.Н. Розанова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Rehabilitation Center of the Moscow Regional Rozanov Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-03"><day>03</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-21"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/653383">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/653383</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>The increasing number of patients requiring treatment for musculoskeletal disorders due to degenerative changes in the spine and joints, as well as sports-related injuries, highlights the urgency of exploring non-pharmacological rehabilitation methods.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the Russian Federation and analyze the frequency of non-pharmacological treatment methods used for these conditions.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study describes the most common forms of musculoskeletal disorders and provides a detailed structural analysis of patient visits to outpatient and inpatient facilities for musculoskeletal disorder treatment, highlighting the high demand for non-pharmacological rehabilitation methods in managing these conditions. A statistical evaluation of non-pharmacological rehabilitation methods was conducted based on data collected from healthcare institutions in Moscow and the Moscow region from 2022 to 2023.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The findings emphasize the importance of expanding the use of non-pharmacological therapy due to its high efficacy, adaptability across different age groups, and safety, making it suitable for both young athletes and older adults with comorbid conditions.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The combination of specially selected physical exercises (kinesitherapy) and the simultaneous application of at least three physical therapy modalities provides enhanced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The choice of specific modalities should be based on a personalized assessment of the patient, considering age, primary and comorbid conditions, and the pathogenetic mechanisms of the selected physical factors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Увеличение числа пациентов, нуждающихся в лечении в связи с заболеваниями опорно-двигательного аппарата по причине дегенеративных изменений в позвоночнике и суставах, а также по причине спортивных травм, определяет высокую актуальность поиска немедикаментозных методов реабилитации.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — оценить распространённость заболеваний опорно-двигательного аппарата в Российской Федерации и представить частоту применения нелекарственных методов лечения этих заболеваний.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Описаны нозологические формы наиболее часто встречающихся заболеваний опорно-двигательного аппарата и дана структурная детализация обращаемости в амбулаторно-поликлинические и стационарные учреждения по поводу заболеваний опорно-двигательного аппарата, при которых широко востребованными являются нелекарственные методы восстановительного лечения. Даётся детализированная структурная оценка с учётом выполненного статистического анализа данных, собранных в лечебно-профилактических учреждениях Москвы и Московской области за 2022–2023 гг.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Делается акцент на важности более широкого применения нелекарственных методов по причине их высокой эффективности, адаптивности к разным возрастным категориям и безопасности как для молодых пациентов-спортсменов, так и для лиц старшего и пожилого возраста с коморбидным фоном.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Комплексирование специально подобранных физических упражнений (кинезотерапия) и одновременное воздействие не менее чем трёх факторов физиотерапии обеспечивают более высокие противоболевые и противовоспалительные эффекты, выбор которых должен сводиться к персонализированной оценке пациента с учётом возраста, основного и сопутствующего заболеваний, патогенетической модели механизма действия конкретного физического фактора.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>由于脊柱和关节的退行性变以及运动损伤的增加，越来越多的患者需要运动系统疾病的康复治疗，因此，寻找非药物康复方法具有重要的现实意义。</p> <p>目的。评估运动系统疾病在俄罗斯的流行情况，并分析在此类疾病治疗中非药物疗法的使用频率。</p> <p>材料与方法。研究描述了最常见的运动系统疾病的病谱，并对门诊及住院患者因该类疾病的就诊情况进行了结构化分析，特别关注对非药物康复治疗需求较高的疾病类型。对这些方法进行了详细的结构化评估，并基于2022–2023年莫斯科及莫斯科州医疗机构收集的统计数据进行了统计分析。</p> <p>结果。研究强调了非药物疗法的广泛应用的重要性，因其具有高效性、适应性强、适用于不同年龄段患者的特点，既适用于年轻运动员，也适用于伴有合并症的老年患者，且安全性较高。</p> <p>结论。研究表明，个体化运动疗法联合至少三种物理因子疗法，可显著增强镇痛和抗炎作用。在选择具体的物理因子时，应基于个体化评估，充分考虑患者年龄、主要及伴随疾病，以及特定物理因子的作用机制，以实现最佳治疗效果。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>musculoskeletal disorders</kwd><kwd>physical factors</kwd><kwd>elderly patients</kwd><kwd>athletes</kwd><kwd>structure of rehabilitation approaches</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>заболевания опорно-двигательного аппарата</kwd><kwd>физические факторы</kwd><kwd>пациенты старшего возраста</kwd><kwd>спортсмены</kwd><kwd>структура восстановительных технологий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>运动系统疾病</kwd><kwd>物理因子</kwd><kwd>老年患者</kwd><kwd>运动员</kwd><kwd>康复技术结构</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Portyannikova OO, Zwinger SM, Govorin AV, Romanova EN. 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