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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643515</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr643515</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IDYRMY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gait analysis in children with multiple sclerosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ походки у детей с рассеянным склерозом</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>多发性硬化患儿步态分析</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9663-4805</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6307-8201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovik</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровик</surname><given-names>Маргарита Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Borovik</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a1180@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1327-2525</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5047-2594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vedernikov</surname><given-names>Igor O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ведерников</surname><given-names>Игорь Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Vedernikov</surname><given-names>Igor O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pulmar@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-1277</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8188-2819</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Laysheva</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лайшева</surname><given-names>Ольга Арленовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Laysheva</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>olgalaisheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-3651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Elvira Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Эльвира Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Elvira Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ellivolk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalchuk</surname><given-names>Timofey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковальчук</surname><given-names>Тимофей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kovalchuk</surname><given-names>Timofey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>doctor@tim-kovalchuk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children's Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Children's Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-27"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/643515">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/643515</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> According to various sources, children account for 3 to 10% of all patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. In 75% of all affected individuals, gait abnormalities are present even at early disease stages. However, the 2022 clinical guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation do not address the use of instrumental gait analysis in pediatric patients.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To investigate the motor status of children with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis using instrumental gait analysis and surface electromyography.</p> <p><bold>Materials and METHODS:</bold> Our study was an observational, single-center, prospective, and continuous study. The study population consisted of patients (n=38), aged 9–17 years, from the department of psychoneurology at the Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. All patients underwent the following assessments: instrumental gait analysis using surface electromyography of the lower limb muscles, the 6-minute walk test, contrast-enhanced MRI of the brain and spinal cord.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Patients exhibited low disability levels (EDSS ≤2.5) and maintained independent ambulation. The 6-minute walk test demonstrated an average walking distance of 520.92 m, consistent with age norms. surface electromyography analysis revealed characteristic abnormalities in 44.74% of cases, particularly in the gastrocnemius muscles during the single-support phase, manifesting as premature activation and sustained activation with a secondary peak in the electromyography signal.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The study documented decreased tolerance to physical exertion, along with characteristic surface electromyography changes in the gastrocnemius muscles, specifically: sustained activation during the resting phase of the gait cycle and premature activation during the stance phase. These findings may serve as biomarkers for rehabilitation indications and treatment effectiveness assessment. However, further studies are required due to the limited sample size.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Из общего количества пациентов с установленным диагнозом рассеянного склероза, по разным источникам, от 3 до 10% составляют дети. В 75% случаев у всех заболевших уже на ранней стадии наблюдаются изменения походки, но в клинических рекомендациях, утверждённых Минздравом Российской Федерации 2022 г., нет данных по использованию инструментальных методов её оценки у детей.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>— изучить особенности двигательного статуса детей с ремиттирующим рассеянным склерозом с помощью инструментального анализа походки с применением поверхностной электромиографии.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Наше исследование обсервационное, одноцентровое, проспективное, сплошное. Объект исследования — пациенты (<italic>n</italic>=38) Российской детской клинической больницы от 9 до 17 лет из отделения психоневрологии с подтверждённым диагнозом рассеянного склероза. Всем больным провели инструментальную диагностику походки с применением поверхностной электромиографии мышц нижних конечностей, тест 6-минутной ходьбы, а также магнитно-резонансную томографию с контрастированием головного и спинного мозга.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Пациенты имели низкий уровень инвалидизации (по шкале EDSS не более 2,5 баллов) и были способны к самостоятельному передвижению. При 6-минутном тесте у большинства больных пройденное расстояние соответствовало возрастной норме, среднее значение составляло 520,92 м. При анализе результатов поверхностной электромиографии в 44,74% случаев зафиксированы характерные изменения электромиографической активности икроножных мышц в фазе одиночной опоры в двух вариантах — преждевременная активация и продолжающаяся активация мышцы с появлением второго пика на графике.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>В результате исследования зарегистрировано снижение толерантности к физической нагрузке, а также характерные изменения по данным поверхностной электромиографии в икроножных мышцах в виде двух вариантов — продолжающаяся активация мышцы в фазе отдыха в течение цикла шага и преждевременная активация в период опоры. Выявленные изменения могут служить маркерами показаний к проведению медицинской реабилитации и оценки эффективности лечения. Из-за ограничения объёма выборки исследования данного феномена требуется дальнейшее изучение.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。据不同文献报道，在被诊断为多发性硬化的患者中，儿童占比约3%–10%。在所有患者中，约75%在疾病早期即出现步态异常。然而，在俄罗斯联邦卫生部于2022年批准的临床指南中，尚无针对儿童步态分析的仪器评估方法的数据。</p> <p>研究目的。 利用步态分析仪器结合表面肌电图，研究复发缓解型多发性硬化患儿的运动状态特征。</p> <p>材料与方法。本研究为单中心、前瞻性观察性全样本研究。研究对象为Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital精神神经科确诊为多发性硬化的9–17岁患者（n=38）。所有患者均接受下肢肌群的步态分析和表面肌电图评估，同时进行了6分钟步行测试以及 增强磁共振成像以评估 脑部和脊髓病变情况。</p> <p>结果。研究对象的残疾程度较低（EDSS评分≤2.5），均可独立行走。6分钟步行测试 结果显示，大多数患者的步行距离符合该年龄段正常范围，平均步行距离为520.92米。在表面肌电图分析中，44.74%的患者表现出腓肠肌在单腿支撑相期间的肌电活动异常，表现为肌肉过早激活以及步态周期支撑相的持续激活，并出现第二个峰值。</p> <p>结论。研究发现，患儿对运动负荷的耐受性降低，并在表面肌电图评估中显示腓肠肌存在异常激活模式，即步态周期的非负重期持续激活以及支撑期的过早激活。这些变化可作为医学康复的潜在指征，并有助于评估治疗效果。由于样本量的限制，该现象仍需进一步研究。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>surface electromyography</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>gait</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>поверхностная электромиография</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>походка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>多发性硬化</kwd><kwd>表面肌电图</kwd><kwd>康复</kwd><kwd>步态</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lubetzki C, Stankoff B. 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