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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642130</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr642130</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">wzcoqg</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effectiveness of general magnetic therapy and low-frequency electrostatic field: a randomized controlled trial</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность применения общей магнитотерапии и низкочастотного электростатического поля: рандомизированное контролируемое исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>一般磁疗和低频静电场的有效性：随机对照试验</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-7246</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7625-6452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimenko</surname><given-names>Marina Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасименко</surname><given-names>Марина Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gerasimenko</surname><given-names>Marina Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor</p></bio><email>mgerasimenko@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0995-1801</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1146-9889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poddubnaya</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поддубная</surname><given-names>Ирина Влавдимровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Poddubnaya</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Аcademician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Аcademician of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email>poddybnayiv@rmapo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-0965</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5163-7726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evstigneeva</surname><given-names>Inna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евстигнеева</surname><given-names>Инна Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Evstigneeva</surname><given-names>Inna S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>evstigneevais@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-02-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-12"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/642130">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/642130</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> At present, various physical therapy methods have been proposed for the rehabilitation of breast cancer patients. However, a key issue in oncological rehabilitation is that modern protocols often do not take into account functional impairments that arise during combined treatment. Yet minimizing the adverse effects and complications of radical therapy is essential for restoring the function of affected tissues, organs, and systems.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To clarify the mechanisms of action of general magnetotherapy and low-frequency electrostatic field therapy, and to justify their application starting on postoperative days 2–4 in breast cancer patients as part of two consecutive courses of medical rehabilitation.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> The study included 78 female patients who underwent surgical treatment for confirmed stage IIB (T2N1M0; T3N0M0) or stage IIIA (T3N1M0; T1–2N2M0) breast cancer. The patients were divided into two groups (main and control) using simple randomization. The groups were comparable in terms of age and clinical and functional indicators, differing only in the prescription of physiotherapeutic methods during the two-stage course of medical rehabilitation.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> It was established that two courses of medical rehabilitation in breast cancer patients, conducted in the early postoperative period (days 2–4) and again 1–1.5 months after surgery, contributed to the reduction of pain and postoperative edema, improvement in shoulder joint mobility, prevention of severe lymphedema, and enhancement of quality of life. These effects were confirmed by clinical and functional assessments, including laser Doppler flowmetry and electromyographic evaluation of shoulder muscles. Patients in the main group showed better restoration of shoulder joint mobility on the operated side.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> General magnetotherapy exerts a normalizing effect on autonomic and psychoemotional status by selectively modulating hypothalamic excitability in cortical and subcortical brain structures. Low-frequency alternating electrostatic field therapy reduces the formation of protein-rich edema, normalizes neuromuscular excitability, promotes the restoration of tissue elasticity, improves functional tissue condition, and enhances local hemodynamics and microcirculation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В настоящее время предложены разные методы физической терапии в реабилитации пациенток с раком молочной железы. Но проблема онкореабилитации заключается в том, что современные модели не учитывают функциональных нарушений в процессе комбинированного лечения, хотя минимизация побочных действий и осложнений после радикального лечения должна способствовать восстановлению функции повреждённых тканей, органов и систем</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Уточнить механизм действия общей магнитотерапии и низкочастотного электростатического поля и обосновать их применение на 2–4-е сутки после операции у пациенток с раком молочной железы и в процессе проведения двух последовательных курсов медицинской реабилитации.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследовании приняли участие 78 пациенток, которым проводили хирургическое лечение по поводу установленного рака молочной железы IIВ стадии (Т2, N1, М0; Т3, N0, М0) и IIIА стадии (Т3, N1, М0, Т1–2, N2, М0). Пациенток методом простой рандомизации разделили на две группы (основная и группа контроля), сопоставимые по возрасту, клинико-функциональным показателям, различающиеся лишь по назначению методов физиотерапии в двухэтапном курсе медицинской реабилитации.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Установлено, что два курса медицинской реабилитации у пациенток после операций по поводу рака молочной железы в ранние сроки (на 2–4-е сутки) и через 1–1,5 мес. после оперативного вмешательства способствовали уменьшению болевого синдрома и послеоперационного отёка, увеличению объёма движений в плечевом суставе, предупреждению развития тяжёлой степени лимфостаза и улучшению качества жизни, что подтверждается клинико-функциональными исследованиями, включающими лазерную допплеровскую флоуметрию и электродиагностику мышц плеча. Объём движений в плечевом суставе на стороне оперативного вмешательства лучше восстановился у пациенток основной группы.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Общая магнитотерапия оказывает нормализующее действие на вегетативный и психоэмоциональный статус за счёт избирательного действия на возбудимость гипоталамуса корковых и подкорковых структур головного мозга. Низкочастотное переменное электростатическое поле способствует уменьшению формирования белковых отёков и нормализации электровозбудимости нервно-мышечного аппарата, восстановлению эластичности и улучшению функционального состояния тканей, усилению локальной гемодинамики и микроциркуляции.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>背景。目前乳腺癌患者康复过程中已提出多种物理治疗方法。然而，肿瘤康复的关键问题在于，现行模式尚未充分考虑联合治疗过程中产生的功能障碍。而减轻根治性治疗带来的不良反应和并发症，应有助于受损组织、器官及系统功能的恢复。</p> <p>目的。探讨全身磁疗与低频交变静电场的作用机制，并论证其在乳腺癌术后第2至第4天起始应用及贯穿两个连续医学康复阶段中的有效性与合理性。</p> <p>材料与方法。研究共纳入78例接受手术治疗的乳腺癌患者，病理分期为ⅡB期（T2N1M0， T3N0M0）和ⅢA期（T3N1M0，T1–2N2M0）。采用简单随机法将患者分为试验组和对照组，两个组在年龄及临床与功能指标方面均具有可比性，唯一区别在于两阶段康复过程中所采用的物理治疗方法不同。</p> <p>结果。研究发现，在术后早期（第2–4天）和术后1–1.5个月分别实施两个阶段的医学康复，可有效减轻疼痛症状及术后水肿，提升患侧肩关节活动范围，预防严重淋巴水肿的发生，并改善生活质量。激光多普勒血流监测与肩部肌电图等临床功能评估结果进一步验证了上述效果。试验组患者的患侧肩关节活动范围恢复情况更佳。</p> <p>结论。全身磁疗可通过选择性调节下丘脑及大脑皮层与皮层下结构的兴奋性，从而改善自主神经系统功能与心理情绪状态。低频交变静电场可有效减少蛋白性水肿的形成，恢复神经-肌肉系统的电兴奋性，提升组织弹性与功能状态，促进局部血流动力与微循环的改善。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>general magnetotherapy</kwd><kwd>low-frequency alternating electrostatic field</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медицинская реабилитация</kwd><kwd>общая магнитотерапия</kwd><kwd>низкочастотное переменное электростатическое поле</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>医学康复</kwd><kwd>全身磁疗</kwd><kwd>低频交变静电场</kwd><kwd>乳腺癌</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kaprin AD, Starinsky VV, Petrova GV, editors. 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