Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation

Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация

1681-34562413-2969

Eco-Vector

53002

10.17816/53002

Review

Обзоры

USE OF HYPERTHERMIA IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH NON-ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES

ГИПЕРТЕРМИЯ – В ЛЕЧЕНИИ БОЛЬНЫХ С НЕОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯММИ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-1596

Kurpeshev

orazakhmet

Курпешев

Оразахмет Керимбаевич

Russian Federation

PhD, MD, freelance consultant

доктор медицинских наук, внештатный консультант

kurpeshev-ok@yandex.ru

ANO Siberian Scientific Research Institute of HyperthermiaАНО Сибирский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Гипертермии

15122020

196

0512202010022021

2020

Eco-Vector

ООО "Эко-Вектор"

https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/53002

An electronic search for publications on the results of the use of hyperthermia (HT) in medicine was carried out using the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI, international and regional journals, materials of international congresses, congresses and conferences. The review analyzes the results of experimental and clinical studies on local hyperthermia (LHT) in inflammatory, allergic and other diseases. In vitro experiments have shown that LHT increases the antibacterial activity of serum, as well as the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Clinical studies have established a positive therapeutic effect of LHT in rhinitis of various etiologies, purulent sinusitis, viral human papilloma, fibromyalgia, injuries of the musculoskeletal system, chronic prostatitis. Analysis shows that the therapeutic effect of LHT is associated not only with direct bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions, but also with an indirect effect on the course of the disease, namely, modulation of the activity of antigen-presenting cells, increased blood and lymph circulation, and increased metabolism. It is also important that LHT increases the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in drug-resistant forms of the inflammatory process. The wide range of beneficial biological effects of LHT on the body as a whole and on pathological processes makes it possible to consider it as a promising therapeutic method in various fields of medicine.

Проведен электронный поиск публикаций по результатам применения ГТ в медицине по базам данных Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, РИНЦ, в международных и регионарных журналах, материалах международных конгрессов, съездов и конференций. В обзоре проанализированы результаты экспериментальных и клинических исследовании по локальной гипертермии (ЛГТ) при воспалительных, аллергических и других заболеваниях. В экспериментах in vitro показано, что ЛГТ повышает антибактериальную активность сыворотки, а также экспрессию противовоспалительных цитокинов. В клинических исследованиях установлено положительный лечебный эффект ЛГТ при ринитах различной этиологии, гнойном синусите, вирусной папилломе человека, фибромиалгии, травмах костно-мышечной системы, хронических простатитах. Такой эффект связан не только с прямым бактериостатическим и бактерицидным действиями, но и опосредованным влиянием на течение заболевания, а именно модуляцией активности антигенпрезентирующих клеток, усилением крово- и лимфообращения, повышением обмена веществ. Важное значение также имеет тот факт, что ЛГТ повышает эффективность антибиотикотерапии при лекарственно устойчивых формах воспалительного процесса. Таким образом, широкий диапазон благоприятного биологического действия ЛГТ на организм в целом и на патологические процессы позволяет рассматривать ее как перспективный лечебный метод в различных областях медицины.

reviewhyperthermiarhinitissinusitispapillomasmusculoskeletal injuriesfibromyalgiachronic prostatitis

обзоргипертермияринитысинуситыпапилломытравмы костно-мышечной системыфибромиалгияхронический простатит

нет

1. Курпешев О.К., Van der Zee J. Экспериментальные основы применения гипертермии в онкологии . Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность. 2018; 63 (1): 57–77. DOI: 10.12737/article_5a8556b4be3e24.36808227.

1. Kurpeshev O.K., Van der Zee J. Experimental bases of the use of hyperthermia in oncology. Meditsinskaya radiologiya i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost'. 2018; 63 (1): 57–77. (in Russian). (DOI: 10.12737/article_5a8556b4be3e24.36808227.

2. Kурпешев O.K., van der Zee J. Анализ результатов рандомизированных исследований по гипертермии в онкологии. Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность. 2018; 63 (3): 52-67. DOI: 10.12737/article_5b179d60437d54.24079640.

2. Kurpeshev O.K., van der Zee J. Analysis of the results of randomized trials on hyperthermia in oncology. Meditsinskaya radiologiya i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost'. 2018; 63 (3): 52–67. (in Russian). DOI: 10.12737/article_5b179d60437d54.24079640.

3. Голубовская О.А. Проблема антибиотикорезистентности и международные усилия по ее преодолению. Клиническая инфектология и паразитология. 2015; 12 (1): 6-11.

3. Golubovska O. Antibiotic resistance and international actions of its overcoming. Klinicheskaya infektologiya i parazitologiya. Kiev, Ukraine. 2015; 12 (1): 6-11. (in Russian).

4. Chopra R., Levi-Polyachenko N., Smeltzer M.S. Introduction to the special issue on thermal therapy and infectious diseases. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2018; 34 (2): 133–4. DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1424947.

5. WHO’s first global report on antibiotic resistance reveals serious, worldwide threat to public health. Retrieved 2014-05-02.

6. Ibelli T., Templeton S., Levi-Polyachenko N. Progress on utilizing hyperthermia for mitigating bacterial infections. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2018; 34 (2): 144–56.

7. Cortie M.B., Cortie D.L., Timchenko V. Heat transfer from nanoparticles for targeted destruction of infectious organisms. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2018; 34 (2): 157–67. DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1410236.

7. Cortie M.B., Cortie DL., Timchenko V. Heat transfer from nanoparticles for targeted destruction of infectious organisms. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2018; 34 (2): 157–67. DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1410236.

8. Ricker E.B., Aljaafari H.A.S., Bader T.M., Hundley B.S., Nuxoll E. Thermal shock susceptibility and regrowth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2018; 34 (2): 168–76. DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1347964.

9. Li R., Kou X., Zhang L., Wang S. Inactivation kinetics of food-borne pathogens subjected to thermal treatments: a review. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2018; 34 (2): 177–88. DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1372643.

10.

10. Munaweera I., Shaikh S., Maples D., Nigatu A.S., Sethuraman S.N., Ranjan A., Greenberg D.E., Chopra R. Temperature-sensitive liposomal ciprofloxacin for the treatment of biofilm on infected metal implants using alternating magnetic fields. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2018; 34 (2): 189–200. DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1422028.

11.

11. Nigatu A.S., Ashar H., Sethuraman S.N., Wardlow R., Maples D., Malayer J., Ranjan A. Elastin-like polypeptide incorporated thermally sensitive liposome improve antibiotic therapy against musculoskeletal bacterial pathogens. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2018; 34 (2): 201–8. DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1420249.

12.

12. Meeker D.G., Wang T., Harrington W.N., Zharov V.P., Johnson S.A., Jenkins S.V., Oyibo S.E., Walker C.M., Mills W.B., Shirtliff M.E., Beenken K.E., Chen J., Smeltzer M.S. Versatility of targeted antibiotic-loaded gold nanoconstructs for the treatment of biofilmassociated bacterial infections. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2018; 34 (2): 209–19. DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1392047.

13.

13. Френкель ГЛ. Первый международный конгресс по пиретотерапии. Журнал Физиотерапия. 1939; 5: 56-59.

13. Frenkel G.L. First International Congress of Pyretotherapy. Zhurnal Fizioterapiya. 1939; 5: 56–9 (in Russ.)].

14.

14. Sidi J. Non oncological applications of hyperthermia. 12th Int. Symposium on Clinical Hyperthermia. Abstracts. Rome. 1989:71.

14. Sidi J. Non oncological applications of hyperthermia. 12th Int. Symposium on Clinical Hyperthermia. Abstracts. Rome. 1989: 71.

15.

15. Курпешев О.К., van der Zee J. Локорегионарная гипертермия злокачественных опухолей  методики, термометрия, аппаратура. Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность. 2017; 62 (5): 52–63. DOI 10.12737/article_59f30321207ef4.88932385.

15. Kurpeshev O.K., van der Zee J. Locoregional hyperthermia of malignant tumors - techniques, thermometry, equipment. Meditsinskaya radiologiya i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost'. 2017; 62 (5): 52–63. (in Russian). DOI 10.12737/article_59f30321207ef4.88932385.

16.

16. Canters R.A.M., Wust P., Bakker J.F., Van Rhoon G.C. A literature survey on indicators for characterisation and optimisation of SAR distributions in deep hyperthermia, a plea for standardization. Int. J. Hyperthermia, November 2009 Oct; 25 (7): 593–608.

16. Canters R.A.M., Wust P., Bakker J.F, Van Rhoon G.C. A literature survey on indicators for characterisation and optimization. of SAR distributions in deep hyperthermia, a plea for standardization. Int. J. Hyperthermia, November 2009 Oct; 25 (7): 593–608.

17.

17. Сувернев А.В., Иванов Г.В. Интенсивное теплолечение. Новосибирск: Академическое изд-во “Гео”, 2014. 106 с.

17. Suvernev A.V, Ivanov G.V. Intensive thermotherapy. Novosibirsk: Akademicheskoye izdatel'stvo “Geo”. 2014. 106 p. (in Russian).

18.

18. Gũllũoğlu B.M., Bekrakı A., Çerıkçıoğlu N., Sõyletır G. Immunologic Influences of Hyperthermia in a Rat Model of Obstructive Jaundice. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2001 November; 46 (11): 2378–84.

19.

19. Biro S., Masuda A., Kihara T., Tei C. Clinical Implications of Thermal Therapy in Lifestyle-Related Diseases. Exp. Biol. Med. 2003; 228: 1245–9.

20.

20. Pearson J., Low D.A., Stöhr E., Kalsi K., Ali L., Barker H., González-Alonso J. Hemodynamic responses to heat stress in the resting and exercising human leg: insight into the effect of temperature on skeletal muscle blood flow. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2011 Mar; 300(3):R663–R73. Published online 2010 Dec 22. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00662.2010. PMCID: PMC3064274.

20. Pearson J., Low D.A., Stöhr E., Kalsi K., Ali L., Barker H., González-Alonso J. Hemodynamic responses to heat stress in the resting and exercising human leg: insight into the effect of temperature on skeletal muscle blood flow. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011 Mar; 300 (3): R663–R73. Published online 2010 Dec 22. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00662.2010. PMCID: PMC3064274.

21.

21. Jiang Q., Cross A.S., Singh S., Chen T.T., Viscardi R.M., Hasday J.D. Febrile Core Temperature is Essential for Optimal Host Defense in Bacterial Peritonitis. Infection and Immunity. 2000; 68 (3): 1265–70.

22.

22. Nagarsekar A., Greenberg R.S., Shah N.G., Singh I.S., Hasday J.D. Febrile-Range Hyperthermia Accelerates Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Neutrophils. The Journal of Immunology. 2008; 181: 2636–43.

23.

23. Mackowiak P.A., Marling-Cason M. Hyperthermic enhancement of serum antimicrobial activity: mechanism by which fever might exert a beneficial effect on the outcome of gram-negative sepsis. Infect Immun. 1983 Jan; 39 (1): 38–42. PMCID: PMC347904.

24.

24. Nigatu A.S., Ashar H., Sethuraman S.N., Wardlow R., Maples D., Malayer J., Ranjan A. Elastin-like polypeptide incorporated thermally sensitive liposome improve antibiotic therapy against musculoskeletal bacterial pathogens. Int. J. Hyperthermia. 2018; 34 (2): 201–8, DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1420249.

25.

25. Forstall G.J., Macknin M.L., Yen-Lieberman B.R., Medendrop S.V. Effect of inhaling heated vapor on symptoms of the common cold. JAMA, 1994 Apr 01; 271 (14): 1109–11. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1994.03510380065039 PMID: 8151854.

26.

26. Conti C., De Marco A., Mastromarino P., Tomao P., Santoro M.G. Antiviral Effect of Hyperthermic Treatment in Rhinovirus Infection Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999 Apr.; 43 (4): 822–9.

27.

27. Thorne S.H., Brooks G., Lee Y-L., Au T., Eng L.F., Reid T. Effects of Febrile Temperature on Adenoviral Infection and Replication: Implications for Viral Therapy of Cancer. J. Virology. 2005 Jan.; 79 (1): 581–91. DOI:10.1128/JVI.79.1.581–591.2005.

27. Thorne S.H., Brooks G., Lee Y-L., Au T., Eng LF., Reid T. Effects of Febrile Temperature on Adenoviral Infection and Replication: Implications for Viral Therapy of Cancer. J. Virology. 2005 Jan.; 79 (1): 581–91. DOI:10.1128/JVI.79.1.581–591.2005.

28.

28. Panasiak W., Oraczewska A., Luczak M. Influence of hyperthermia on experimental viral infections in vitro. Consensus on Hyperthermia for the 1990s. Edited by HI. Bicher et al. Plenum Press, New York. 1990: 471–2.

29.

29. Macknin M.L., Mathew S., Medendorp S.V. Effect of inhaling heated vapor on symptoms of the common cold. JAMA, 1990 Aug 01; 264 (8): 989–91. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1990.03450080075034. PMID: 2376891.

29. Macknin M.L., Mathew S., Medendorp S.V. Effect of inhaling heated vapor on symptoms of the common cold. JAMA, 1990 Aug 01; 264 (8): 989–91. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1990.03450080075034 PMID: 2376891.

30.

30. Ophir D., Elad Y. Effects of steam inhalation on nasal patency and nasal symptoms in patients with the common cold. American Journal of Otolaryngology. 1987 May 6; 8 (3): 149–53.

30. Ophir D, Elad Y. Effects of steam inhalation on nasal patency and nasal symptoms in patients with the common cold. American Journal of Otolaryngology. 1987 May 6; 8 (3): 149–53.

31.

31. Tyrrell D., Barrow I., Arthur J. Local hyperthermia benefits natural and experimental common colds. BMJ 1989 May13; 298: 1280. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.298.6683.1280.

31. Tyrrell D., Barrow .I, Arthur J. Local hyperthermia benefits natural and experimental common colds. BMJ 1989 May13; 298: 1280. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.298.6683.1280.

32.

32. Yerushalmi A., Karman S., Lwoff A. Treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis by local hyperthermia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 1982 August 1; 79 (15): 4766–9.

33.

33. Singh M., Singh M., Jaiswal N., Chauhan A. Heated, humidified air for the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017; 8: CD001728. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001728.pub6.

34.

34. Говорун М.И., Кокорина О.В. Применение локальной гипертермии в лечении гнойных синуситов. Материалы XVIII съезда оториноларингологов России. Санкт-Петербург. 2011; 3: 80-82.

34. Govorun M. I., Kokorina O. V. The use of local hyperthermia in the treatment of purulent sinusitis. Materials of the XVIII Congress of Otorhinolaryngologists of Russia. [Materialy XVIII s"yezda otorinolaringologov Rossii]. St. Petersburg. 2011; 3: 80-82. (in Russian)].

35.

35. Иванова Ю.В., Гусак И.В. Использование электромагнитного излучения СВЧ диапазона в лечении гнойно-воспалительных процессов. Український Журнал Хірургії . 2009; 2: 65-69.

35. Ivanova Yu.V., Gusak I.V. The use of microwave electromagnetic radiation in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory processes. Ukrayinsʹkyy Zhurnal Khirurhiyi. 2009; 2: 65–9. (in Russian).

36.

36. Gao X., Chen H. Hyperthermia on skin immune system and its application in the treatment of human papillomavirus-infected skin diseases. Front Med. 2014 Mar; 8 (1): 1–5. DOI: 10.1007/s11684-014-0309-3.

37.

37. Huo W., Gao X-H., Sun X-P., Qi R-Q., Hong Y., Mchepange U.O., Li X-D., Xiao B-H., Lin J.-P., Jiang Y., Zhang L., Li Y-H., Xiao T., Chen J.Z.S., Chen H-D. Local Hyperthermia at 44 о C for the Treatment of Plantar Warts: A Randomized, Patient-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010; 201: 1169–72. DOI: 10.1086/651506.

38.

38. Huo W., Li G-H., Qi R-Q., Zhang L., Yan X-X., Chen H-D., Gao X-H. Clinical and immunologic results of local hyperthermia at 44 oC for extensive genital warts in patients with diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Hyperthermia. February 2013; 29 (1): 17–20. DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.758874.

39.

39. Krooks J., Weatherall A., Markowitz S. Complete Resolution of Mycobacterium marinum Infection with Clarithromycin and Ethambutol: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature. J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol. 2018; 11 (12): 48–51.

40.

40. Lee C‐N., LeeJ Y‐Y. Local hyperthermia therapy for refractory cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection. Dermatologic Therapy. 2017 Nov 13; 30 (6): e12561.

40. Lee C‐N., Lee J.Y‐Y. Local hyperthermia therapy for refractory cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection. Dermatologic Therapy. 2017 Nov 13; 30 (6): e12561.

41.

41. Hisamichi K., Hiruma M., Yamazaki M., Matsushita A., Ogawa H. Efficacy of oral minocycline and hyperthermic treatment in a case of atypical mycobacterial skin infection by Mycobacterium marinum. J. Dermatol. 2002 Dec; 29 (12): 810–1. DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2002.tb00228.x. PMID: 12532049.

41. Hisamichi K., Hiruma M., Yamazaki M., Matsushita A., Ogawa H. Efficacy of oral minocycline and hyperthermic treatment in a case of atypical mycobacterial skin infection by Mycobacterium marinum. J Dermatol. 2002 Dec; 29 (12): 810–1. DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2002.tb00228.x. PMID: 12532049.

42.

42. Sutherland G.E., Lauwasser M., NcNeely D.J., Shands J.W. Heat treatment for certain chronic granulomatous skin infections. Southern Medical Journal, 1980 Dec. 01; 73 (12): 1564-5. DOI: 10.1097/00007611-198012000-00006. PMID: 7444542.

43.

43. Giombini A., Giovannini V., Di Cesare A., Pacetti P., Ichinoseki-Sekinek N., Shiraishi M., Naitok H., Maffulli N. Hyperthermia induced by microwave diathermy in the management of muscle and tendon injuries. British Medical Bulletin 2007; 83: 379–96. Published by Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldm020.

44.

44. Romeyke T., Scheuer H.C., Stummer H. Fibromyalgia with severe forms of progression in a multidisciplinary therapy setting with emphasis on hyperthermia therapy – a prospective controlled study. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2015: 1069–79.

45.

45. Servadio C., Leib Z. Chronic abacterial prostatitis and hyperthermia. A possible new treatment? Br J Urol. 1991; 67: 308–11. DOI:10.1111/J.1464-410X.1991.TB15141.X.

46.

46. Shah T., Watson G., Barnes D. Microwave hyperthermia in the treatment of chronic abacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia: results of a doubleblind placebo controlled trial [Abstract]. J Urol. 1993;149:405A. Цит. По: Collins MM, MacDonald R, Wilt TJ. Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Abacterial Prostatitis: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 133: 367–81.

47.

47. Montorsi F, Guazzoni G, Bergamaschi F. Galli L., Consonni P., Matozzo V., Barbieri L., Rigatti P. Is there a role for transrectal microwave hyperthermia of the prostate in the treatment of abacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia? Prostate 1993; 22: 139–46.

48.

48. Арсланов М.М., Камалов И.И., Фаттахов В.В. Физиотерапевтические методы лечения хронического простатита. Практическая медицина (Казань). 2011;49(1):22–4.

48. Arslanov M.M., Kamalov I.I., Fattakhov V.V. Physiotherapy treatments for chronic prostatitis. Praktycheskaya medytsyna (Kazanʹ). 2011; 49 (1): 22–4. (in Russ.).

49.

49. Zhang Y., Sun FL., Zang T. Medication combined with local hyperthermia: a desirable therapy for chronic prostatitis pain symptoms. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2008 May; 14 (5): 451–3.

49. Zhang Y., Sun F.L., Zang T. Medication combined with local hyperthermia: a desirable therapy for chronic prostatitis pain symptoms. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2008 May; 14 (5): 451–3.

50.

50. Rigatti P., Buonaguidi A., Grasso M., Lania C, Montorsi F, Colombo R, Galli L, Guazzoni G. Morphodynamic and biochemical assessment of seminal plasma in patients who underwent local prostatic hyperthermia. Prostate 1990; 16: 325–30.

51.

51. Jin J-X.., Wang H-Z., Zhai Z-X., Ma B-L., Li Q-F., Xiao N., Wang Z-P., Rodriguez R. Transrectal microwave thermotherapy causing a short-time influence on sperm quality in Chinese chronic nonbacterial prostatitis patients. Asian J. Androl. 2017 Sep-Oct; 19 (5): 548–53.

51. Jin J-X., Wang H-Z., Zhai Z-X., Ma B-L., Li Q-F., Xiao N., Wang Z-P., Rodriguez R. Transrectal microwave thermotherapy causing a short-time influence on sperm quality in Chinese chronic nonbacterial prostatitis patients. Asian J. Androl. 2017 Sep-Oct; 19 (5): 548–53.

52.

52. Курпешев О.К., Коноплянников А.Г. Локальная электромагнитная гипертермия в лечении больных хроническим простатитом. Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность. 1991; 36 (11): 9-10.

52. Kurpeshev O.K., Konoplyannikov A.G. Local electromagnetic hyperthermia in the treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis Meditsinskaya radiologiya i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost'.1991; 36 (11): 9–10. (in Russian).

53.

53. Курпешев О.К., Цыб А.Ф., Мардынский Ю.С. Трансректальная электромагнитная гипертермия доброкачественной гиперплазии предстательной железы и хронического простатита. Методические рекомендации. Обнинск, 2003. 21 стр.

53. Kurpeshev O.K., Tsyb A.F., Mardynskiy Yu.S. Transrectal electromagnetic hyperthermia of benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis. metodicheskiye rekomendatsii. Obninsk, 2003. 21 pp. (in Russian).

54.

54. Ljungnér H. Third International Chronic Prostatitis Network Transrectal thermotherapy of chronic prostatitis. Third International Chronic Prostatitis Network 2000. Abstract 11. Posted in internet http://www.prostatitis.org/a112000.html.

55.

55. Kastner C, Hochreiter W, Huidobro C. Cabezas J, Miller P. Cooled transurethral microwave thermotherapy for intractable chronic prostatitis – results of a pilot study after 1 year. Urology. 2004 Dec; 64 (6): 1149–54.

56.

56. Nickel J.C., Sorensen R. Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy for Nonbacterial Prostatitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Sham Controlled Study Using New Prostatitis Specific Assessment Questionnaires. Journal of Urology. 1996 June; 155 (6): 1950–54. discussion 1954–55.

57.

57. Gao M., Ding H., Zhong G., Lu J., Wang H., Li Q., Wang Z. The Effects of Transrectal Radiofrequency Hyperthermia on Patients With Chronic Prostatitis and the Changes of MDA, NO, SOD, and Zn Levels in Pretreatment and Posttreatment. Urology. 2012; 79 (2): 391–6.

58.

58. Chung H., Choi H., Yoo T.K., Cho J.M., Kim H.S. The Effects of Microwave Thermotherapy for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Prospective, Randomized Study. Urogenit Tract Infect. 2017; 12 (1): 35–41.

59.

59. Guidelines on Chronic Pelvic Pain. Engeler D. (chair), Baranowski AP, Borovicka J, Cottrell A, Dinis-Oliveira P, Elneil S., Hughes J., Messelink E.J., van Ophoven A., Reisman Y., de Williams A.C. European Association of Urology 2014. 132 pp.

59. Guidelines on Chronic Pelvic Pain. Engeler D. (chair), Baranowski A.P., Borovicka J., Cottrell A., Dinis-Oliveira P., Elneil S., Hughes J., Messelink E.J., van Ophoven A., Reisman Y., de Williams A.C. European Association of Urology 2014. 132 pp.

60.

60. Guidelines on Chronic Pelvic Pain. Engeler D. (Chair), Baranowski A.P., Berghmans B., Borovicka J., Cottrell A.M., Dinis-Oliveira P., Elneil S., Hughes J., Messelink E.J. (Vice-chair), de C Williams A.C. Guidelines Associates: Pacheco-Figueiredo L., Parsons B., Goonewardene S., Zumstein V. European Association of Urology 2020. 88 pp.