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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиотерапия, бальнеология и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1681-3456</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2969</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">108702</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rjpbr108702</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>Обзоры литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">COVID-19 and trace elements (literature review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>COVID-19 и микроэлементы (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5085-4587</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2974-7992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>Alexei O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Алексей Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alexseu23ru@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-1122</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8438-6386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharipova</surname><given-names>Maisiyat М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарипова</surname><given-names>Майсият Магомедовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>maisiyat@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5261-3552</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7054-2171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivkina</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивкина</surname><given-names>Мария Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>terekhova_m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0792-6194</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4434-5712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhangelskaya</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архангельская</surname><given-names>Анна Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>cattiva@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-6064</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4344-3045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurevich</surname><given-names>Konstantin G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуревич</surname><given-names>Константин Георгиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>kgurevich@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>535</fpage><lpage>549</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-13"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-27"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/108702">https://rjpbr.com/1681-3456/article/view/108702</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The whole world has been living in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus for more than 2 years. Despite the unprecedented measures aimed at finding new means of prevention and treatment, the development and implementation of vaccines, COVID-19 continues to be a significant medical and social problem. This is due to the peculiarity of SARS-CoV-2 to constant changes in the virus as a result of mutations and the formation of new strains. It affects the effectiveness of vaccination and treatment, necessitating preventive measures, primarily aimed at maintaining the normal functioning of the immune system that protects the host from various pathogens, including viruses. An important role in the state of the immune system is played by some micronutrients, which include zinc, selenium, iron and copper. Zinc and selenium have pronounced immunoregulatory, antioxidant and antiviral properties, iron is necessary for the growth and development of some cells of the immune system, and copper, in addition to its antiviral effect, reduces the risk of secondary infection in viral diseases. At the same time, according to the literature, more than 2 billion people in the world suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. In addition, there is often a combined deficiency of minerals, which necessitates its diagnosis and correction. Most of the studies we analyzed emphasize the importance of using micronutrients in people at risk, as well as in patients at the very beginning of the disease, in order to strengthen the immune system in the condition of a laboratory-confirmed deficiency.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Весь мир уже более двух лет живёт в условиях пандемии COVID-19, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Несмотря на беспрецедентные меры, направленные на поиск новых средств профилактики и лечения, разработку и внедрение вакцин, COVID-19 продолжает оставаться значимой медико-социальной проблемой. Это связано с особенностями SARS-CoV-2 — постоянными изменениями вируса в результате мутаций и образованием новых штаммов. Всё вышеперечисленное влияет на эффективность вакцинации и лечения, обусловливает необходимость профилактических мер, в первую очередь направленных на поддержание нормального функционирования иммунной системы, защищающей организм хозяина от различных патогенов, в том числе и вирусов. Немаловажную роль в состоянии иммунной системы играют некоторые микронутриенты, к которым относятся цинк, селен, железо и медь. Цинк и селен обладают выраженными иммунорегуляторными, антиоксидантными и противовирусными свойствами, железо необходимо для роста и развития некоторых клеток иммунной системы, а медь, помимо противовирусного действия, уменьшает риск присоединения вторичной инфекции при вирусных заболеваниях. При этом снижение уровня этих веществ в организме является распространённым состоянием. По данным литературы, более 2 млрд человек в мире страдают дефицитом микронутриентов. Кроме того, часто встречается сочетанный дефицит минеральных веществ, что обусловливает необходимость его диагностики и коррекции. Дополнительный приём микронутриентов является безопасным, достаточно эффективным и недорогим способом восполнения недостатка этих веществ в организме и обеспечения нормальной работы иммунной системы, что позволяет снизить риски и последствия инфекции. В большинстве проанализированных нами исследований подчеркивается значимость применения микронутриентов у людей, находящихся в группе риска, а также у пациентов в самом начале заболевания с целью укрепления иммунной системы при условии лабораторно подтверждённого дефицита.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>trace elements</kwd><kwd>micronutrient</kwd><kwd>mineral deficiency</kwd><kwd>infection</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>immune system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроэлемент</kwd><kwd>микронутриент</kwd><kwd>дефицит минеральных веществ</kwd><kwd>инфекция</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>иммунная система</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, et al. Early nutritional interventions with zinc, selenium and vitamin D for raising anti-viral resistance against progressive COVID-19. 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